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  464. 

  465. <h1 class="single">

  466.   <span><a id="jumper" href="#jumpto" title="Un peu perdu ?">?</a></span>

  467.   Python 3 et __future__

  468.   <time>Publié le 1 janvier 2013</time>

  469. </h1>

  470. <article class="single">

  471.   <p><strong>2013 sera l'année de Python 3,</strong> en tout cas je ferai tout ce que je peux pour que mes programmes/bibliothèques soient compatibles et je compte bien avoir des projets utilisant uniquement cette version, il est temps d'avancer. Je pensais être contraint d'utiliser <em><a href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/2to3.html">2to3</a></em> ou <em><a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/six/">six</a></em> mais ça ne me permettait pas d'y aller en douceur, jusqu'à ce que <a href="https://twitter.com/magopian/status/285308957021597699">Mathieu tweete</a> une solution que je trouve élégante, <a href="http://stackful.io/blog/quick-tips-on-making-your-code-python-3-ready/">l'utilisation de __future__</a> permet en un seul import de vous préparer à Python 3 :</p>

  472. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1

  473. 2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">print_function</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">division</span><span class="p">,</span>

  474.     <span class="n">absolute_import</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unicode_literals</span><span class="p">)</span>

  475. </pre></div>

  476. </td></tr></table>

  477. 

  478. <p>ce qui permet ensuite d'utiliser <code>print</code> comme une fonction dans votre code :</p>

  479. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1

  480. 2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Cool!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  481. <span class="n">Cool</span><span class="err">!</span>

  482. </pre></div>

  483. </td></tr></table>

  484. 

  485. <p>de faire des division d'<code>integer</code> qui ne renvoient pas zéro :</p>

  486. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1

  487. 2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">7</span>

  488. <span class="mf">0.7142857142857143</span>

  489. </pre></div>

  490. </td></tr></table>

  491. 

  492. <p>de faire des imports relatifs de manière explicite :</p>

  493. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">awesomeness</span>

  494. </pre></div>

  495. </td></tr></table>

  496. 

  497. <p>et enfin, ce qui va permettre de vraiment avoir l'impression de coder en Python 3 et de prendre en compte ses spécificités relatives aux chaînes de caractères qui ont motivé la non comptabilité ascendante avec cette nouvelle version majeure du langage :</p>

  498. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1

  499. 2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;zOMG unicode by default&quot;</span>

  500. <span class="s">u&quot;zOMG unicode by default&quot;</span>

  501. </pre></div>

  502. </td></tr></table>

  503. 

  504. <p>Utilisez explicitement le <code>b"string"</code> si vous souhaitez avoir le comportement par défaut à base de strings de Python 2.X. C'est un début, c'est insuffisant mais ça fait déjà avancer les choses en codant pour l'avenir tout en minimisant les contraintes associées.</p>

  505. <p>Puisqu'on parle de programmation, <a href="http://n.survol.fr/n/if-less-programming">Éric</a> m'a fait découvrir la <a href="http://alisnic.github.com/posts/ifless/">if-less programmation</a> :</p>

  506. <blockquote>

  507. <p>It is obvious that we can’t avoid conditionals, especially when comparing primitive data types. But most of the time it is not considered a good practice to use ifs in a Object-Oriented language. So what is really wrong with conditionals in a Object Oriented language?</p>

  508. </blockquote>

  509. <p>Ce qui donne effectivement à réfléchir, surtout lorsque l'on utilise un langage comme Python qui donne une grande flexibilité à ce sujet.</p>

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  534.         Les dernières publications hebdomadaires sont :

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  536.       <ul class="with_columns">

  537. 

  538.           <li>

  539.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/31/">Merci</a>

  540.           </li>

  541. 

  542.           <li>

  543.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/27/">Intemporels</a>

  544.           </li>

  545. 

  546.           <li>

  547.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/24/">Outils</a>

  548.           </li>

  549. 

  550.           <li>

  551.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/17/">Origines</a>

  552.           </li>

  553. 

  554.           <li>

  555.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/10/">Publier</a>

  556.           </li>

  557. 

  558.           <li>

  559.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/03/">En forêt</a>

  560.           </li>

  561. 

  562.           <li>

  563.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/11/26/">Ecocentric</a>

  564.           </li>

  565. 

  566.           <li>

  567.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/11/19/">Se livrer</a>

  568.           </li>

  569. 

  570.           <li>

  571.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/11/12/">Dépendances</a>

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  574.           <li>

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  576.           </li>

  577. 

  578.           <li>

  579.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/10/29/">Dettes</a>

  580.           </li>

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  583.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/10/22/">Privilèges</a>

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  609. 

  610.           <li>

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  613. 

  614.           <li>

  615.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/08/27/">Documenter</a>

  616.           </li>

  617. 

  618.           <li>

  619.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/08/20/">Frustration</a>

  620.           </li>

  621. 

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  623.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/08/13/">Holisme</a>

  624.           </li>

  625. 

  626.           <li>

  627.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/08/06/">1%</a>

  628.           </li>

  629. 

  630.           <li>

  631.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/07/30/">Exemplarité</a>

  632.           </li>

  633. 

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  635.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/07/23/">Timelines</a>

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  664.           </li>

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  670.           <li>

  671.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/05/03/">Sympathie</a>

  672.           </li>

  673. 

  674.           <li>

  675.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/04/12/">Péremption</a>

  676.           </li>

  677. 

  678.           <li>

  679.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/04/05/">Définitions</a>

  680.           </li>

  681. 

  682.           <li>

  683.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/29/">Acceptation</a>

  684.           </li>

  685. 

  686.           <li>

  687.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/22/">Dissonance</a>

  688.           </li>

  689. 

  690.           <li>

  691.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/15/">Reconnaissance</a>

  692.           </li>

  693. 

  694.           <li>

  695.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/08/">Lecture</a>

  696.           </li>

  697. 

  698.           <li>

  699.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/01/">Journaux</a>

  700.           </li>

  701. 

  702.           <li>

  703.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/22/">Écriture</a>

  704.           </li>

  705. 

  706.           <li>

  707.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/15/">Kyriarchie</a>

  708.           </li>

  709. 

  710.           <li>

  711.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/08/">Mots-serrures</a>

  712.           </li>

  713. 

  714.           <li>

  715.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/01/">Sans voie</a>

  716.           </li>

  717. 

  718.           <li>

  719.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/25/">Auto-diagnostic</a>

  720.           </li>

  721. 

  722.           <li>

  723.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/18/">Agilité</a>

  724.           </li>

  725. 

  726.           <li>

  727.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/11/">Métaphores</a>

  728.           </li>

  729. 

  730.           <li>

  731.             <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/04/">Balbutiements</a>

  732.           </li>

  733. 

  734.       </ul>

  735. 

  736.     <p>

  737.       Voici quelques articles choisis :

  738.       <a href="/david/blog/2019/faire-equipe/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Faire équipe</a>,

  739.       <a href="/david/blog/2018/bivouac-automnal/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Bivouac automnal</a>,

  740.       <a href="/david/blog/2018/commodite-effondrement/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Commodité et effondrement</a>,

  741.       <a href="/david/blog/2017/donnees-communs/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Des données aux communs</a>,

  742.       <a href="/david/blog/2016/accompagner-enfant/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Accompagner un enfant</a>,

  743.       <a href="/david/blog/2016/senior-developer/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Senior developer</a>,

  744.       <a href="/david/blog/2016/illusion-sociale/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">L’illusion sociale</a>,

  745.       <a href="/david/blog/2016/instantane-scopyleft/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Instantané Scopyleft</a>,

  746.       <a href="/david/blog/2016/enseigner-web/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Enseigner le Web</a>,

  747.       <a href="/david/blog/2016/simplicite-defaut/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Simplicité par défaut</a>,

  748.       <a href="/david/blog/2016/minimalisme-esthetique/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Minimalisme et esthétique</a>,

  749.       <a href="/david/blog/2014/un-web-omni-present/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Un web omni-présent</a>,

  750.       <a href="/david/blog/2014/manifeste-developpeur/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Manifeste de développeur</a>,

  751.       <a href="/david/blog/2013/confort-convivialite/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Confort et convivialité</a>,

  752.       <a href="/david/blog/2013/testament-numerique/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Testament numérique</a>,

  753.       et <a href="/david/blog/" title="Accéder aux archives">bien d’autres…</a>

  754.     </p>

  755.     <p>

  756.       On peut <a href="mailto:david%40larlet.fr" title="Envoyer un courriel">échanger par courriel</a>. Si éventuellement tu souhaites que l’on travaille ensemble, tu devrais commencer par consulter le <a href="http://larlet.com">profil dédié à mon activité professionnelle</a> et/ou contacter directement <a href="http://scopyleft.fr/">scopyleft</a>, la <abbr title="Société coopérative et participative">SCOP</abbr> dont je fais partie depuis six ans. Je recommande au préalable de lire <a href="/david/blog/2018/cout-site/" title="Attention ce qui va suivre peut vous choquer">combien coûte un site</a> et pourquoi je suis plutôt favorable à une <a href="/david/pro/devis/" title="Discutons-en !">non-demande de devis</a>.

  757.     </p>

  758.     <p>

  759.       Je ne traque pas ta navigation mais mon

  760.       <abbr title="Alwaysdata, 62 rue Tiquetonne 75002 Paris, +33.184162340">hébergeur</abbr>

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