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  445. <h1 class="single">
  446. <span><a id="jumper" href="#jumpto" title="Un peu perdu ?">?</a></span>
  447. Python 3 et __future__
  448. <time>Publié le 1 janvier 2013</time>
  449. </h1>
  450. <article class="single">
  451. <p><strong>2013 sera l'année de Python 3,</strong> en tout cas je ferai tout ce que je peux pour que mes programmes/bibliothèques soient compatibles et je compte bien avoir des projets utilisant uniquement cette version, il est temps d'avancer. Je pensais être contraint d'utiliser <em><a href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/2to3.html">2to3</a></em> ou <em><a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/six/">six</a></em> mais ça ne me permettait pas d'y aller en douceur, jusqu'à ce que <a href="https://twitter.com/magopian/status/285308957021597699">Mathieu tweete</a> une solution que je trouve élégante, <a href="http://stackful.io/blog/quick-tips-on-making-your-code-python-3-ready/">l'utilisation de __future__</a> permet en un seul import de vous préparer à Python 3 :</p>
  452. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
  453. 2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">print_function</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">division</span><span class="p">,</span>
  454. <span class="n">absolute_import</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unicode_literals</span><span class="p">)</span>
  455. </pre></div>
  456. </td></tr></table>
  457. <p>ce qui permet ensuite d'utiliser <code>print</code> comme une fonction dans votre code :</p>
  458. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
  459. 2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Cool!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
  460. <span class="n">Cool</span><span class="err">!</span>
  461. </pre></div>
  462. </td></tr></table>
  463. <p>de faire des division d'<code>integer</code> qui ne renvoient pas zéro :</p>
  464. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
  465. 2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">7</span>
  466. <span class="mf">0.7142857142857143</span>
  467. </pre></div>
  468. </td></tr></table>
  469. <p>de faire des imports relatifs de manière explicite :</p>
  470. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">awesomeness</span>
  471. </pre></div>
  472. </td></tr></table>
  473. <p>et enfin, ce qui va permettre de vraiment avoir l'impression de coder en Python 3 et de prendre en compte ses spécificités relatives aux chaînes de caractères qui ont motivé la non comptabilité ascendante avec cette nouvelle version majeure du langage :</p>
  474. <table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
  475. 2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;zOMG unicode by default&quot;</span>
  476. <span class="s">u&quot;zOMG unicode by default&quot;</span>
  477. </pre></div>
  478. </td></tr></table>
  479. <p>Utilisez explicitement le <code>b"string"</code> si vous souhaitez avoir le comportement par défaut à base de strings de Python 2.X. C'est un début, c'est insuffisant mais ça fait déjà avancer les choses en codant pour l'avenir tout en minimisant les contraintes associées.</p>
  480. <p>Puisqu'on parle de programmation, <a href="http://n.survol.fr/n/if-less-programming">Éric</a> m'a fait découvrir la <a href="http://alisnic.github.com/posts/ifless/">if-less programmation</a> :</p>
  481. <blockquote>
  482. <p>It is obvious that we can’t avoid conditionals, especially when comparing primitive data types. But most of the time it is not considered a good practice to use ifs in a Object-Oriented language. So what is really wrong with conditionals in a Object Oriented language?</p>
  483. </blockquote>
  484. <p>Ce qui donne effectivement à réfléchir, surtout lorsque l'on utilise un langage comme Python qui donne une grande flexibilité à ce sujet.</p>
  485. </article>
  486. <nav id="jumpto">
  487. <p>
  488. <a rel=prev href="/david/blog/2012/telephone-politesse/">← Téléphone et politesse</a> | <a href="/david/blog/" title="Retour à la liste des expériences">↑</a> | <a rel=next href="/david/blog/2013/citation-opacite/">Citation et opacité →</a>
  489. </p>
  490. </nav>
  491. <footer>
  492. <div>
  493. <img src="/static/david/david-larlet-avatar.jpg" loading="lazy" class="avatar" width="200" height="200">
  494. <p>
  495. Bonjour/Hi!
  496. Je suis <a href="/david/" title="Profil public">David&nbsp;Larlet</a>, je vis actuellement à Montréal et j’alimente cet espace depuis 15 ans. <br>
  497. Si tu as apprécié cette lecture, n’hésite pas à poursuivre ton exploration. Par exemple via les <a href="/david/blog/" title="Expériences bienveillantes">réflexions bimestrielles</a>, la <a href="/david/stream/2019/" title="Pensées (dés)articulées">veille hebdomadaire</a> ou en t’abonnant au <a href="/david/log/" title="S’abonner aux publications via RSS">flux RSS</a> (<a href="/david/blog/2019/flux-rss/" title="Tiens c’est quoi un flux RSS ?">so 2005</a>).
  498. </p>
  499. <p>
  500. Je m’intéresse à la place que je peux avoir dans ce monde. En tant qu’humain, en tant que membre d’une famille et en tant qu’associé d’une coopérative. De temps en temps, je fais aussi des <a href="https://github.com/davidbgk" title="Principalement sur Github mais aussi ailleurs">trucs techniques</a>. Et encore plus rarement, <a href="/david/talks/" title="En ce moment je laisse plutôt la place aux autres">j’en parle</a>.
  501. </p>
  502. <p>
  503. Les dernières publications hebdomadaires sont :
  504. </p>
  505. <ul class="with_columns">
  506. <li>
  507. <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/31/">Merci</a>
  508. </li>
  509. <li>
  510. <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/27/">Intemporels</a>
  511. </li>
  512. <li>
  513. <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/24/">Outils</a>
  514. </li>
  515. <li>
  516. <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/17/">Origines</a>
  517. </li>
  518. <li>
  519. <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/10/">Publier</a>
  520. </li>
  521. <li>
  522. <a href="/david/stream/2019/12/03/">En forêt</a>
  523. </li>
  524. <li>
  525. <a href="/david/stream/2019/11/26/">Ecocentric</a>
  526. </li>
  527. <li>
  528. <a href="/david/stream/2019/11/19/">Se livrer</a>
  529. </li>
  530. <li>
  531. <a href="/david/stream/2019/11/12/">Dépendances</a>
  532. </li>
  533. <li>
  534. <a href="/david/stream/2019/11/05/">Positif</a>
  535. </li>
  536. <li>
  537. <a href="/david/stream/2019/10/29/">Dettes</a>
  538. </li>
  539. <li>
  540. <a href="/david/stream/2019/10/22/">Privilèges</a>
  541. </li>
  542. <li>
  543. <a href="/david/stream/2019/10/15/">Discrétion</a>
  544. </li>
  545. <li>
  546. <a href="/david/stream/2019/10/08/">Désespérance</a>
  547. </li>
  548. <li>
  549. <a href="/david/stream/2019/10/01/">Présent</a>
  550. </li>
  551. <li>
  552. <a href="/david/stream/2019/09/24/">Manifester</a>
  553. </li>
  554. <li>
  555. <a href="/david/stream/2019/09/17/">Arpenter</a>
  556. </li>
  557. <li>
  558. <a href="/david/stream/2019/09/10/">Nostalgie</a>
  559. </li>
  560. <li>
  561. <a href="/david/stream/2019/09/03/">Déconstruire</a>
  562. </li>
  563. <li>
  564. <a href="/david/stream/2019/08/27/">Documenter</a>
  565. </li>
  566. <li>
  567. <a href="/david/stream/2019/08/20/">Frustration</a>
  568. </li>
  569. <li>
  570. <a href="/david/stream/2019/08/13/">Holisme</a>
  571. </li>
  572. <li>
  573. <a href="/david/stream/2019/08/06/">1%</a>
  574. </li>
  575. <li>
  576. <a href="/david/stream/2019/07/30/">Exemplarité</a>
  577. </li>
  578. <li>
  579. <a href="/david/stream/2019/07/23/">Timelines</a>
  580. </li>
  581. <li>
  582. <a href="/david/stream/2019/07/16/">Écoute</a>
  583. </li>
  584. <li>
  585. <a href="/david/stream/2019/07/02/">Anxiété</a>
  586. </li>
  587. <li>
  588. <a href="/david/stream/2019/06/21/">À lier</a>
  589. </li>
  590. <li>
  591. <a href="/david/stream/2019/06/14/">Pauvreté</a>
  592. </li>
  593. <li>
  594. <a href="/david/stream/2019/06/07/">Amateur</a>
  595. </li>
  596. <li>
  597. <a href="/david/stream/2019/05/31/">Pollution</a>
  598. </li>
  599. <li>
  600. <a href="/david/stream/2019/05/24/">Apaisement</a>
  601. </li>
  602. <li>
  603. <a href="/david/stream/2019/05/10/">Folie</a>
  604. </li>
  605. <li>
  606. <a href="/david/stream/2019/05/03/">Sympathie</a>
  607. </li>
  608. <li>
  609. <a href="/david/stream/2019/04/12/">Péremption</a>
  610. </li>
  611. <li>
  612. <a href="/david/stream/2019/04/05/">Définitions</a>
  613. </li>
  614. <li>
  615. <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/29/">Acceptation</a>
  616. </li>
  617. <li>
  618. <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/22/">Dissonance</a>
  619. </li>
  620. <li>
  621. <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/15/">Reconnaissance</a>
  622. </li>
  623. <li>
  624. <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/08/">Lecture</a>
  625. </li>
  626. <li>
  627. <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/01/">Journaux</a>
  628. </li>
  629. <li>
  630. <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/22/">Écriture</a>
  631. </li>
  632. <li>
  633. <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/15/">Kyriarchie</a>
  634. </li>
  635. <li>
  636. <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/08/">Mots-serrures</a>
  637. </li>
  638. <li>
  639. <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/01/">Sans voie</a>
  640. </li>
  641. <li>
  642. <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/25/">Auto-diagnostic</a>
  643. </li>
  644. <li>
  645. <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/18/">Agilité</a>
  646. </li>
  647. <li>
  648. <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/11/">Métaphores</a>
  649. </li>
  650. <li>
  651. <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/04/">Balbutiements</a>
  652. </li>
  653. </ul>
  654. <p>
  655. Voici quelques articles choisis :
  656. <a href="/david/blog/2019/faire-equipe/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Faire équipe</a>,
  657. <a href="/david/blog/2018/bivouac-automnal/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Bivouac automnal</a>,
  658. <a href="/david/blog/2018/commodite-effondrement/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Commodité et effondrement</a>,
  659. <a href="/david/blog/2017/donnees-communs/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Des données aux communs</a>,
  660. <a href="/david/blog/2016/accompagner-enfant/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Accompagner un enfant</a>,
  661. <a href="/david/blog/2016/senior-developer/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Senior developer</a>,
  662. <a href="/david/blog/2016/illusion-sociale/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">L’illusion sociale</a>,
  663. <a href="/david/blog/2016/instantane-scopyleft/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Instantané Scopyleft</a>,
  664. <a href="/david/blog/2016/enseigner-web/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Enseigner le Web</a>,
  665. <a href="/david/blog/2016/simplicite-defaut/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Simplicité par défaut</a>,
  666. <a href="/david/blog/2016/minimalisme-esthetique/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Minimalisme et esthétique</a>,
  667. <a href="/david/blog/2014/un-web-omni-present/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Un web omni-présent</a>,
  668. <a href="/david/blog/2014/manifeste-developpeur/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Manifeste de développeur</a>,
  669. <a href="/david/blog/2013/confort-convivialite/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Confort et convivialité</a>,
  670. <a href="/david/blog/2013/testament-numerique/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Testament numérique</a>,
  671. et <a href="/david/blog/" title="Accéder aux archives">bien d’autres…</a>
  672. </p>
  673. <p>
  674. On peut <a href="mailto:david%40larlet.fr" title="Envoyer un courriel">échanger par courriel</a>. Si éventuellement tu souhaites que l’on travaille ensemble, tu devrais commencer par consulter le <a href="http://larlet.com">profil dédié à mon activité professionnelle</a> et/ou contacter directement <a href="http://scopyleft.fr/">scopyleft</a>, la <abbr title="Société coopérative et participative">SCOP</abbr> dont je fais partie depuis six ans. Je recommande au préalable de lire <a href="/david/blog/2018/cout-site/" title="Attention ce qui va suivre peut vous choquer">combien coûte un site</a> et pourquoi je suis plutôt favorable à une <a href="/david/pro/devis/" title="Discutons-en !">non-demande de devis</a>.
  675. </p>
  676. <p>
  677. Je ne traque pas ta navigation mais mon
  678. <abbr title="Alwaysdata, 62 rue Tiquetonne 75002 Paris, +33.184162340">hébergeur</abbr>
  679. conserve des logs d’accès.
  680. </p>
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