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<h1 class="single">
  <span><a id="jumper" href="#jumpto" title="Un peu perdu ?">?</a></span>
  Python 3 et __future__
  <time>Publié le 1 janvier 2013</time>
</h1>
<article class="single">
  <p><strong>2013 sera l'année de Python 3,</strong> en tout cas je ferai tout ce que je peux pour que mes programmes/bibliothèques soient compatibles et je compte bien avoir des projets utilisant uniquement cette version, il est temps d'avancer. Je pensais être contraint d'utiliser <em><a href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/2to3.html">2to3</a></em> ou <em><a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/six/">six</a></em> mais ça ne me permettait pas d'y aller en douceur, jusqu'à ce que <a href="https://twitter.com/magopian/status/285308957021597699">Mathieu tweete</a> une solution que je trouve élégante, <a href="http://stackful.io/blog/quick-tips-on-making-your-code-python-3-ready/">l'utilisation de __future__</a> permet en un seul import de vous préparer à Python 3 :</p>
<table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">print_function</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">division</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="n">absolute_import</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unicode_literals</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</td></tr></table>

<p>ce qui permet ensuite d'utiliser <code>print</code> comme une fonction dans votre code :</p>
<table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Cool!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Cool</span><span class="err">!</span>
</pre></div>
</td></tr></table>

<p>de faire des division d'<code>integer</code> qui ne renvoient pas zéro :</p>
<table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">7</span>
<span class="mf">0.7142857142857143</span>
</pre></div>
</td></tr></table>

<p>de faire des imports relatifs de manière explicite :</p>
<table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">awesomeness</span>
</pre></div>
</td></tr></table>

<p>et enfin, ce qui va permettre de vraiment avoir l'impression de coder en Python 3 et de prendre en compte ses spécificités relatives aux chaînes de caractères qui ont motivé la non comptabilité ascendante avec cette nouvelle version majeure du langage :</p>
<table class="codehilitetable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
2</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;zOMG unicode by default&quot;</span>
<span class="s">u&quot;zOMG unicode by default&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Utilisez explicitement le <code>b"string"</code> si vous souhaitez avoir le comportement par défaut à base de strings de Python 2.X. C'est un début, c'est insuffisant mais ça fait déjà avancer les choses en codant pour l'avenir tout en minimisant les contraintes associées.</p>
<p>Puisqu'on parle de programmation, <a href="http://n.survol.fr/n/if-less-programming">Éric</a> m'a fait découvrir la <a href="http://alisnic.github.com/posts/ifless/">if-less programmation</a> :</p>
<blockquote>
<p>It is obvious that we can’t avoid conditionals, especially when comparing primitive data types. But most of the time it is not considered a good practice to use ifs in a Object-Oriented language. So what is really wrong with conditionals in a Object Oriented language?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Ce qui donne effectivement à réfléchir, surtout lorsque l'on utilise un langage comme Python qui donne une grande flexibilité à ce sujet.</p>
</article>


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          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/07/16/">Écoute</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/07/02/">Anxiété</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/06/21/">À lier</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/06/14/">Pauvreté</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/06/07/">Amateur</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/05/31/">Pollution</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/05/24/">Apaisement</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/05/10/">Folie</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/05/03/">Sympathie</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/04/12/">Péremption</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/04/05/">Définitions</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/29/">Acceptation</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/22/">Dissonance</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/15/">Reconnaissance</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/08/">Lecture</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/03/01/">Journaux</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/22/">Écriture</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/15/">Kyriarchie</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/08/">Mots-serrures</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/02/01/">Sans voie</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/25/">Auto-diagnostic</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/18/">Agilité</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/11/">Métaphores</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/david/stream/2019/01/04/">Balbutiements</a>
          </li>
        
      </ul>
    
    <p>
      Voici quelques articles choisis :
      <a href="/david/blog/2019/faire-equipe/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Faire équipe</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2018/bivouac-automnal/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Bivouac automnal</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2018/commodite-effondrement/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Commodité et effondrement</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2017/donnees-communs/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Des données aux communs</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/accompagner-enfant/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Accompagner un enfant</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/senior-developer/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Senior developer</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/illusion-sociale/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">L’illusion sociale</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/instantane-scopyleft/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Instantané Scopyleft</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/enseigner-web/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Enseigner le Web</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/simplicite-defaut/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Simplicité par défaut</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/minimalisme-esthetique/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Minimalisme et esthétique</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2014/un-web-omni-present/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Un web omni-présent</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2014/manifeste-developpeur/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Manifeste de développeur</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2013/confort-convivialite/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Confort et convivialité</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2013/testament-numerique/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Testament numérique</a>,
      et <a href="/david/blog/" title="Accéder aux archives">bien d’autres…</a>
    </p>
    <p>
      On peut <a href="mailto:david%40larlet.fr" title="Envoyer un courriel">échanger par courriel</a>. Si éventuellement tu souhaites que l’on travaille ensemble, tu devrais commencer par consulter le <a href="http://larlet.com">profil dédié à mon activité professionnelle</a> et/ou contacter directement <a href="http://scopyleft.fr/">scopyleft</a>, la <abbr title="Société coopérative et participative">SCOP</abbr> dont je fais partie depuis six ans. Je recommande au préalable de lire <a href="/david/blog/2018/cout-site/" title="Attention ce qui va suivre peut vous choquer">combien coûte un site</a> et pourquoi je suis plutôt favorable à une <a href="/david/pro/devis/" title="Discutons-en !">non-demande de devis</a>.
    </p>
    <p>
      Je ne traque pas ta navigation mais mon
      <abbr title="Alwaysdata, 62 rue Tiquetonne 75002 Paris, +33.184162340">hébergeur</abbr>
      conserve des logs d’accès.
    </p>
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