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larlet-fr-david-cache
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A place to cache linked articles (think custom and personal wayback machine)
You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
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larlet-fr-david-cache/cache/855debdfdc494d53ccf8e1939ea.../index.html

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  1. <!doctype html><!-- This is a valid HTML5 document. -->

  2. <!-- Screen readers, SEO, extensions and so on. -->

  3. <html lang=fr>

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  5.   See: https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-html5-20121217/document-metadata.html#charset -->

  6. <meta charset=utf-8>

  7. <!-- Why no `X-UA-Compatible` meta: https://stackoverflow.com/a/6771584 -->

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  9.   See: https://codepen.io/tigt/post/meta-viewport-for-2015 -->

  10. <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no">

  11. <!-- Required to make a valid HTML5 document. -->

  12. <title>Offline Recipes for Service Workers (archive) — David Larlet</title>

  13. <!-- Generated from https://realfavicongenerator.net/ such a mess. -->

  14. <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/david/icons/apple-touch-icon.png">

  15. <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/david/icons/favicon-32x32.png">

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  17. <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">

  18. <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/david/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5">

  19. <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/david/icons/favicon.ico">

  20. <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="David Larlet">

  21. <meta name="application-name" content="David Larlet">

  22. <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c">

  23. <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/static/david/icons/browserconfig.xml">

  24. <meta name="theme-color" content="#f0f0ea">

  25. <!-- That good ol' feed, subscribe :p. -->

  26. <link rel=alternate type="application/atom+xml" title=Feed href="/david/log/">

  27. 

  28.   <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">

  29.   <meta content="origin-when-cross-origin" name="referrer">

  30.   <!-- Canonical URL for SEO purposes -->

  31.   <link rel="canonical" href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2015/11/offline-service-workers/">

  32. 

  33. <style>

  34. /* http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/ */

  35. html, body, div, span,

  36. h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,

  37. a, abbr, address, big, cite, code,

  38. del, dfn, em, img, ins,

  39. small, strike, strong, tt, var,

  40. dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,

  41. fieldset, form, label, legend,

  42. table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,

  43. article, aside, canvas, details, embed,

  44. figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup,

  45. menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,

  46. time, mark, audio, video {

  47.   margin: 0;

  48.   padding: 0;

  49.   border: 0;

  50.   font-size: 100%;

  51.   font: inherit;

  52.   vertical-align: baseline;

  53. }

  54. /* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */

  55. article, aside, details, figcaption, figure,

  56. footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section { display: block; }

  57. body { line-height: 1; }

  58. blockquote, q { quotes: none; }

  59. blockquote:before, blockquote:after,

  60. q:before, q:after {

  61.   content: '';

  62.   content: none;

  63. }

  64. table {

  65.   border-collapse: collapse;

  66.   border-spacing: 0;

  67. }

  68. 

  69. /* http://practicaltypography.com/equity.html */

  70. /* https://calendar.perfplanet.com/2016/no-font-face-bulletproof-syntax/ */

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  72. @font-face {

  73.   font-family: 'EquityTextB';

  74.   src: url('/static/david/css/fonts/Equity-Text-B-Regular-webfont.woff2') format('woff2'),

  75.        url('/static/david/css/fonts/Equity-Text-B-Regular-webfont.woff') format('woff');

  76.   font-weight: 300;

  77.   font-style: normal;

  78.   font-display: swap;

  79. }

  80. @font-face {

  81.   font-family: 'EquityTextB';

  82.   src: url('/static/david/css/fonts/Equity-Text-B-Italic-webfont.woff2') format('woff2'),

  83.        url('/static/david/css/fonts/Equity-Text-B-Italic-webfont.woff') format('woff');

  84.   font-weight: 300;

  85.   font-style: italic;

  86.   font-display: swap;

  87. }

  88. @font-face {

  89.   font-family: 'EquityTextB';

  90.   src: url('/static/david/css/fonts/Equity-Text-B-Bold-webfont.woff2') format('woff2'),

  91.        url('/static/david/css/fonts/Equity-Text-B-Bold-webfont.woff') format('woff');

  92.   font-weight: 700;

  93.   font-style: normal;

  94.   font-display: swap;

  95. }

  96. 

  97. @font-face {

  98.   font-family: 'ConcourseT3';

  99.   src: url('/static/david/css/fonts/concourse_t3_regular-webfont-20190806.woff2') format('woff2'),

  100.        url('/static/david/css/fonts/concourse_t3_regular-webfont-20190806.woff') format('woff');

  101.   font-weight: 300;

  102.   font-style: normal;

  103.   font-display: swap;

  104. }

  105. 

  106. 

  107. /* http://practice.typekit.com/lesson/caring-about-opentype-features/ */

  108. body {

  109.   /* http://www.cssfontstack.com/ Palatino 99% Win 86% Mac */

  110.   font-family: "EquityTextB", Palatino, serif;

  111.   background-color: #f0f0ea;

  112.   color: #07486c;

  113.   font-kerning: normal;

  114.   -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;

  115.   -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased;

  116.   text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;

  117.   font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures contextual;

  118.   font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "clig", "calt";

  119. }

  120. pre, code, kbd, samp, var, tt {

  121.   font-family: 'TriplicateT4c', monospace;

  122. }

  123. em {

  124.   font-style: italic;

  125.   color: #323a45;

  126. }

  127. strong {

  128.   font-weight: bold;

  129.   color: black;

  130. }

  131. nav {

  132.   background-color: #323a45;

  133.   color: #f0f0ea;

  134.   display: flex;

  135.   justify-content: space-around;

  136.   padding: 1rem .5rem;

  137. }

  138.   nav:last-child {

  139.     border-bottom: 1vh solid #2d7474;

  140.   }

  141.   nav a {

  142.     color: #f0f0ea;

  143.   }

  144.   nav abbr {

  145.     border-bottom: 1px dotted white;

  146.   }

  147. 

  148. h1 {

  149.   border-top: 1vh solid #2d7474;

  150.   border-bottom: .2vh dotted #2d7474;

  151.   background-color: #e3e1e1;

  152.   color: #323a45;

  153.   text-align: center;

  154.   padding: 5rem 0 4rem 0;

  155.   width: 100%;

  156.   font-family: 'ConcourseT3';

  157.   display: flex;

  158.   flex-direction: column;

  159. }

  160.   h1.single {

  161.     padding-bottom: 10rem;

  162.   }

  163.   h1 span {

  164.     position: absolute;

  165.     top: 1vh;

  166.     left: 20%;

  167.     line-height: 0;

  168.   }

  169.     h1 span a {

  170.       line-height: 1.7;

  171.       padding: 1rem 1.2rem .6rem 1.2rem;

  172.       border-radius: 0 0 6% 6%;

  173.       background: #2d7474;

  174.       font-size: 1.3rem;

  175.       color: white;

  176.       text-decoration: none;

  177.     }

  178. h2 {

  179.   margin: 4rem 0 1rem;

  180.   border-top: .2vh solid #2d7474;

  181.   padding-top: 1vh;

  182. }

  183. h3 {

  184.   text-align: center;

  185.   margin: 3rem 0 .75em;

  186. }

  187. hr {

  188.   height: .4rem;

  189.   width: .4rem;

  190.   border-radius: .4rem;

  191.   background: #07486c;

  192.   margin: 2.5rem auto;

  193. }

  194. time {

  195.   display: bloc;

  196.   margin-left: 0 !important;

  197. }

  198. ul, ol {

  199.   margin: 2rem;

  200. }

  201. ul {

  202.   list-style-type: square;

  203. }

  204. a {

  205.   text-decoration-skip-ink: auto;

  206.   text-decoration-thickness: 0.05em;

  207.   text-underline-offset: 0.09em;

  208. }

  209. article {

  210.   max-width: 50rem;

  211.   display: flex;

  212.   flex-direction: column;

  213.   margin: 2rem auto;

  214. }

  215.   article.single {

  216.     border-top: .2vh dotted #2d7474;

  217.     margin: -6rem auto 1rem auto;

  218.     background: #f0f0ea;

  219.     padding: 2rem;

  220.   }

  221.   article p:last-child {

  222.     margin-bottom: 1rem;

  223.   }

  224. p {

  225.   padding: 0 .5rem;

  226.   margin-left: 3rem;

  227. }

  228.   p + p,

  229.   figure + p {

  230.     margin-top: 2rem;

  231.   }

  232. 

  233. blockquote {

  234.   background-color: #e3e1e1;

  235.   border-left: .5vw solid #2d7474;

  236.   display: flex;

  237.   flex-direction: column;

  238.   align-items: center;

  239.   padding: 1rem;

  240.   margin: 1.5rem;

  241. }

  242.   blockquote cite {

  243.     font-style: italic;

  244.   }

  245.   blockquote p {

  246.     margin-left: 0;

  247.   }

  248. 

  249. figure {

  250.   border-top: .2vh solid #2d7474;

  251.   background-color: #e3e1e1;

  252.   text-align: center;

  253.   padding: 1.5rem 0;

  254.   margin: 1rem 0 0;

  255.   font-size: 1.5rem;

  256.   width: 100%;

  257. }

  258.   figure img {

  259.     max-width: 250px;

  260.     max-height: 250px;

  261.     border: .5vw solid #323a45;

  262.     padding: 1px;

  263.   }

  264. figcaption {

  265.   padding: 1rem;

  266.   line-height: 1.4;

  267. }

  268. aside {

  269.   display: flex;

  270.   flex-direction: column;

  271.   background-color: #e3e1e1;

  272.   padding: 1rem 0;

  273.   border-bottom: .2vh solid #07486c;

  274. }

  275.   aside p {

  276.     max-width: 50rem;

  277.     margin: 0 auto;

  278.   }

  279. 

  280. /* https://fvsch.com/code/css-locks/ */

  281. p, li, pre, code, kbd, samp, var, tt, time, details, figcaption {

  282.   font-size: 1rem;

  283.   line-height: calc( 1.5em + 0.2 * 1rem );

  284. }

  285. h1 {

  286.   font-size: 1.9rem;

  287.   line-height: calc( 1.2em + 0.2 * 1rem );

  288. }

  289. h2 {

  290.   font-size: 1.6rem;

  291.   line-height: calc( 1.3em + 0.2 * 1rem );

  292. }

  293. h3 {

  294.   font-size: 1.35rem;

  295.   line-height: calc( 1.4em + 0.2 * 1rem );

  296. }

  297. @media (min-width: 20em) {

  298.   /* The (100vw - 20rem) / (50 - 20) part

  299.      resolves to 0-1rem, depending on the

  300.      viewport width (between 20em and 50em). */

  301.   p, li, pre, code, kbd, samp, var, tt, time, details, figcaption {

  302.     font-size: calc( 1rem + .6 * (100vw - 20rem) / (50 - 20) );

  303.     line-height: calc( 1.5em + 0.2 * (100vw - 50rem) / (20 - 50) );

  304.     margin-left: 0;

  305.   }

  306.   h1 {

  307.     font-size: calc( 1.9rem + 1.5 * (100vw - 20rem) / (50 - 20) );

  308.     line-height: calc( 1.2em + 0.2 * (100vw - 50rem) / (20 - 50) );

  309.   }

  310.   h2 {

  311.     font-size: calc( 1.5rem + 1.5 * (100vw - 20rem) / (50 - 20) );

  312.     line-height: calc( 1.3em + 0.2 * (100vw - 50rem) / (20 - 50) );

  313.   }

  314.   h3 {

  315.     font-size: calc( 1.35rem + 1.5 * (100vw - 20rem) / (50 - 20) );

  316.     line-height: calc( 1.4em + 0.2 * (100vw - 50rem) / (20 - 50) );

  317.   }

  318. }

  319. @media (min-width: 50em) {

  320.   /* The right part of the addition *must* be a

  321.      rem value. In this example we *could* change

  322.      the whole declaration to font-size:2.5rem,

  323.      but if our baseline value was not expressed

  324.      in rem we would have to use calc. */

  325.   p, li, pre, code, kbd, samp, var, tt, time, details, figcaption {

  326.     font-size: calc( 1rem + .6 * 1rem );

  327.     line-height: 1.5em;

  328.   }

  329.   p, li, pre, details {

  330.     margin-left: 3rem;

  331.   }

  332.   h1 {

  333.     font-size: calc( 1.9rem + 1.5 * 1rem );

  334.     line-height: 1.2em;

  335.   }

  336.   h2 {

  337.     font-size: calc( 1.5rem + 1.5 * 1rem );

  338.     line-height: 1.3em;

  339.   }

  340.   h3 {

  341.     font-size: calc( 1.35rem + 1.5 * 1rem );

  342.     line-height: 1.4em;

  343.   }

  344.   figure img {

  345.     max-width: 500px;

  346.     max-height: 500px;

  347.   }

  348. }

  349. 

  350. figure.unsquared {

  351.   margin-bottom: 1.5rem;

  352. }

  353.   figure.unsquared img {

  354.     height: inherit;

  355.   }

  356. 

  357. 

  358. 

  359. @media print {

  360.   body { font-size: 100%; }

  361.   a:after { content: " (" attr(href) ")"; }

  362.   a, a:link, a:visited, a:after {

  363.     text-decoration: underline;

  364.     text-shadow: none !important;

  365.     background-image: none !important;

  366.     background: white;

  367.     color: black;

  368.   }

  369.   abbr[title] { border-bottom: 0; }

  370.   abbr[title]:after { content: " (" attr(title) ")"; }

  371.   img { page-break-inside: avoid; }

  372.   @page { margin: 2cm .5cm; }

  373.   h1, h2, h3 { page-break-after: avoid; }

  374.   p3 { orphans: 3; widows: 3; }

  375.   img {

  376.     max-width: 250px !important;

  377.     max-height: 250px !important;

  378.   }

  379.   nav, aside { display: none; }

  380. }

  381. 

  382. ul.with_columns {

  383.   column-count: 1;

  384. }

  385. @media (min-width: 20em) {

  386.   ul.with_columns {

  387.     column-count: 2;

  388.   }

  389. }

  390. @media (min-width: 50em) {

  391.   ul.with_columns {

  392.     column-count: 3;

  393.   }

  394. }

  395. ul.with_two_columns {

  396.   column-count: 1;

  397. }

  398. @media (min-width: 20em) {

  399.   ul.with_two_columns {

  400.     column-count: 1;

  401.   }

  402. }

  403. @media (min-width: 50em) {

  404.   ul.with_two_columns {

  405.     column-count: 2;

  406.   }

  407. }

  408. 

  409. .gallery {

  410.   display: flex;

  411.   flex-wrap: wrap;

  412.   justify-content: space-around;

  413. }

  414.   .gallery figure img {

  415.     margin-left: 1rem;

  416.     margin-right: 1rem;

  417.   }

  418.   .gallery figure figcaption {

  419.     font-family: 'ConcourseT3'

  420.   }

  421. 

  422. footer {

  423.   font-family: 'ConcourseT3';

  424.   display: flex;

  425.   flex-direction: column;

  426.   border-top: 3px solid white;

  427.   padding: 4rem 0;

  428.   background-color: #07486c;

  429.   color: white;

  430. }

  431.   footer > * {

  432.     max-width: 50rem;

  433.     margin: 0 auto;

  434.   }

  435.   footer a {

  436.     color: #f1c40f;

  437.   }

  438.   footer .avatar {

  439.     width: 200px;

  440.     height: 200px;

  441.     border-radius: 50%;

  442.     float: left;

  443.     -webkit-shape-outside: circle();

  444.     shape-outside: circle();

  445.     margin-right: 2rem;

  446.     padding: 2px 5px 5px 2px;

  447.     background: white;

  448.     border-left: 1px solid #f1c40f;

  449.     border-top: 1px solid #f1c40f;

  450.     border-right: 5px solid #f1c40f;

  451.     border-bottom: 5px solid #f1c40f;

  452.   }

  453. </style>

  454. 

  455. <h1>

  456.   <span><a id="jumper" href="#jumpto" title="Un peu perdu ?">?</a></span>

  457.   Offline Recipes for Service Workers (archive)

  458.   <time>Pour la pérennité des contenus liés. Non-indexé, retrait sur simple email.</time>

  459. </h1>

  460. <section>

  461.   <article>

  462.     <h3><a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2015/11/offline-service-workers/">Source originale du contenu</a></h3>

  463.     <p>“Offline” is a big topic these days, especially as many web apps look to also function as mobile apps.  The original offline helper API, the Application Cache API (also known as “appcache”), has a host of problems, many of which can be found in Jake Archibald’s <a href="http://alistapart.com/article/application-cache-is-a-douchebag" target="_blank">Application Cache is a Douchebag</a> post.  Problems with appcache include:</p>

  464. 

  465. <ul>

  466. <li>Files are served from cache even when the user is online.</li>

  467. <li>There’s no dynamism: the appcache file is simply a list of files to cache.</li>

  468. <li>One is able to <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Using_the_application_cache#Gotchas" target="_blank">cache the .appcache file itself</a> and that leads to update problems.</li>

  469. <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Using_the_application_cache#Gotchas" target="_blank">Other gotchas</a>.</li>

  470. </ul>

  471. 

  472. <p>Today there’s a new API available to developers to ensure their web apps work properly:  <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API" target="_blank">the Service Worker API</a>.  The Service Worker API allows developers to manage what does and doesn’t go into cache for offline use with JavaScript.</p>

  473. 

  474. <h2>Introducing the Service Worker Cookbook</h2>

  475. 

  476. <p>To introduce you to the Service Worker API we’ll be using examples from Mozilla’s new  <a href="https://serviceworke.rs" target="_blank">Service Worker Cookbook</a>!  The Cookbook is a collection of working, practical examples of service workers in use in modern web apps.  We’ll be introducing service workers within this three-part series:</p>

  477. 

  478. <ul>

  479. <li>Offline Recipes for Service Workers (today’s post)</li>

  480. <li>At Your Service for More Than Just appcache</li>

  481. <li>Web Push Updates to the Masses</li>

  482. </ul>

  483. 

  484. <p>Of course this API has advantages other than enabling offline capabilities, such as performance for one, but I’d like to start by introducing basic service worker strategies for offline.</p>

  485. 

  486. <h2>What do we mean by <em>offline</em>?</h2>

  487. 

  488. <p>Offline doesn’t just mean the user doesn’t have an internet connection — it can also mean that the user is on a flaky network connection.  Essentially “offline” means that the user doesn’t have a reliable connection, and we’ve all been there before!</p>

  489. 

  490. <p>The Offline Status recipe illustrates how to use a service worker to cache a known asset list and then notify the user that they may now go offline and use the app.  The app itself is quite simple:  show a random image when a button is clicked.  Let’s have a look at the components involved in making this happen.</p>

  491. 

  492. <h3>The Service Worker</h3>

  493. 

  494. <p>We’ll start by looking at the <code>service-worker.js</code> file to see what we’re caching.  We’ll be caching the random images to display, as well as the display page and critical JavaScript resources, in a cache named <code>dependencies-cache</code>:</p>

  495. 

  496. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  497. var CACHE_NAME = 'dependencies-cache';&#13;

  498. &#13;

  499. // Files required to make this app work offline&#13;

  500. var REQUIRED_FILES = [&#13;

  501.   'random-1.png',&#13;

  502.   'random-2.png',&#13;

  503.   'random-3.png',&#13;

  504.   'random-4.png',&#13;

  505.   'random-5.png',&#13;

  506.   'random-6.png',&#13;

  507.   'style.css',&#13;

  508.   'index.html',&#13;

  509.   '/', // Separate URL than index.html!&#13;

  510.   'index.js',&#13;

  511.   'app.js'&#13;

  512. ];&#13;

  513. </code></pre>

  514. 

  515. <p>The service worker’s <code>install</code> event will open the cache and use <code>addAll</code> to direct the service worker to cache our specified files:</p>

  516. 

  517. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  518. self.addEventListener('install', function(event) {&#13;

  519.   // Perform install step:  loading each required file into cache&#13;

  520.   event.waitUntil(&#13;

  521.     caches.open(CACHE_NAME)&#13;

  522.       .then(function(cache) {&#13;

  523.         // Add all offline dependencies to the cache&#13;

  524.         return cache.addAll(REQUIRED_FILES);&#13;

  525.       })&#13;

  526.       .then(function() {&#13;

  527.         // At this point everything has been cached&#13;

  528.         return self.skipWaiting();&#13;

  529.       })&#13;

  530.   );&#13;

  531. });&#13;

  532. </code></pre>

  533. 

  534. <p>The <code>fetch</code> event of a service worker is fired for every single request the page makes.  The <code>fetch</code> event also allows you to serve alternate content than was actually requested.  For the purposes of offline content, however, our <code>fetch</code> listener will be very simple:  if the file is cached, return it from cache; if not, retrieve the file from server:</p>

  535. 

  536. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  537. self.addEventListener('fetch', function(event) {&#13;

  538.   event.respondWith(&#13;

  539.     caches.match(event.request)&#13;

  540.       .then(function(response) {&#13;

  541.         // Cache hit - return the response from the cached version&#13;

  542.         if (response) {&#13;

  543.           return response;&#13;

  544.         }&#13;

  545. &#13;

  546.         // Not in cache - return the result from the live server&#13;

  547.         // `fetch` is essentially a "fallback"&#13;

  548.         return fetch(event.request);&#13;

  549.       }&#13;

  550.     )&#13;

  551.   );&#13;

  552. });&#13;

  553. </code></pre>

  554. 

  555. <p>The last part of this <code>service-worker.js</code> file is the <code>activate</code> event listener where we immediately claim the service worker so that the user doesn’t need to refresh the page to activate the service worker.  The <code>activate event</code> fires when a previous version of a service worker (if any) has been replaced and the updated service worker takes control of the scope.</p>

  556. 

  557. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  558. self.addEventListener('activate', function(event) {&#13;

  559.   // Calling claim() to force a "controllerchange" event on navigator.serviceWorker&#13;

  560.   event.waitUntil(self.clients.claim());&#13;

  561. });&#13;

  562. </code></pre>

  563. 

  564. <p>Essentially we don’t want to require the user to refresh the page for the service worker to begin — we want the service worker to activate upon initial page load.</p>

  565. 

  566. <h3>Service worker registration</h3>

  567. 

  568. <p>With the simple service worker created, it’s time to register the service worker:</p>

  569. 

  570. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  571. // Register the ServiceWorker&#13;

  572. navigator.serviceWorker.register('service-worker.js', {&#13;

  573.   scope: '.'&#13;

  574. }).then(function(registration) {&#13;

  575.   // The service worker has been registered!&#13;

  576. });&#13;

  577. </code></pre>

  578. 

  579. <p>Remember that the goal of the recipe is to notify the user when required files have been cached.  To do that we’ll need to listen to the service worker’s <code>state</code>. When the <code>state</code> has become <code>activated</code>, we know that essential files have been cached, our app is ready to go offline, and we can notify our user:</p>

  580. 

  581. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  582. // Listen for claiming of our ServiceWorker&#13;

  583. navigator.serviceWorker.addEventListener('controllerchange', function(event) {&#13;

  584.   // Listen for changes in the state of our ServiceWorker&#13;

  585.   navigator.serviceWorker.controller.addEventListener('statechange', function() {&#13;

  586.     // If the ServiceWorker becomes "activated", let the user know they can go offline!&#13;

  587.     if (this.state === 'activated') {&#13;

  588.       // Show the "You may now use offline" notification&#13;

  589.       document.getElementById('offlineNotification').classList.remove('hidden');&#13;

  590.     }&#13;

  591.   });&#13;

  592. });&#13;

  593. </code></pre>

  594. 

  595. <p>Testing the registration and verifying that the app works offline simply requires using the recipe!  This recipe provides a button to load a random image by changing the image’s <code>src</code> attribute:</p>

  596. 

  597. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  598. // This file is required to make the "app" work offline&#13;

  599. document.querySelector('#randomButton').addEventListener('click', function() {&#13;

  600.   var image = document.querySelector('#logoImage');&#13;

  601.   var currentIndex = Number(image.src.match('random-([0-9])')[1]);&#13;

  602.   var newIndex = getRandomNumber();&#13;

  603. &#13;

  604.   // Ensure that we receive a different image than the current&#13;

  605.   while (newIndex === currentIndex) {&#13;

  606.     newIndex = getRandomNumber();&#13;

  607.   }&#13;

  608. &#13;

  609.   image.src = 'random-' + newIndex + '.png';&#13;

  610. &#13;

  611.   function getRandomNumber() {&#13;

  612.     return Math.floor(Math.random() * 6) + 1;&#13;

  613.   }&#13;

  614. });&#13;

  615. </code></pre>

  616. 

  617. <p>Changing the image’s <code>src</code> would trigger a network request for that image, but since we have the image cached by the service worker, there’s no need to make the network request.</p>

  618. 

  619. <p>This recipe covers probably the most simple of offline cases: caching required static files for offline use.</p>

  620. 

  621. <p>This recipe follows another simple use case: fetch a page via AJAX but respond with another cached HTML resource (<code>offline.html</code>) if the request fails.</p>

  622. 

  623. <h3>The service worker</h3>

  624. 

  625. <p>The <code>install</code> step of the service worker fetches the <code>offline.html</code> file and places it into a cache called <code>offline</code>:</p>

  626. 

  627. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  628. self.addEventListener('install', function(event) {&#13;

  629.   // Put `offline.html` page into cache&#13;

  630.   var offlineRequest = new Request('offline.html');&#13;

  631.   event.waitUntil(&#13;

  632.     fetch(offlineRequest).then(function(response) {&#13;

  633.       return caches.open('offline').then(function(cache) {&#13;

  634.         return cache.put(offlineRequest, response);&#13;

  635.       });&#13;

  636.     })&#13;

  637.   );&#13;

  638. });&#13;

  639. </code></pre>

  640. 

  641. <p>If that requests fails the service worker won’t register since nothing has been put into cache.</p>

  642. 

  643. <p>The <code>fetch</code> listener listens for a request for the page and, upon failure, responds with  the <code>offline.html</code> file we cached during the event registration:</p>

  644. 

  645. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  646. self.addEventListener('fetch', function(event) {&#13;

  647.   // Only fall back for HTML documents.&#13;

  648.   var request = event.request;&#13;

  649.   // &amp;&amp; request.headers.get('accept').includes('text/html')&#13;

  650.   if (request.method === 'GET') {&#13;

  651.     // `fetch()` will use the cache when possible, to this examples&#13;

  652.     // depends on cache-busting URL parameter to avoid the cache.&#13;

  653.     event.respondWith(&#13;

  654.       fetch(request).catch(function(error) {&#13;

  655.         // `fetch()` throws an exception when the server is unreachable but not&#13;

  656.         // for valid HTTP responses, even `4xx` or `5xx` range.&#13;

  657.         return caches.open('offline').then(function(cache) {&#13;

  658.           return cache.match('offline.html');&#13;

  659.         });&#13;

  660.       })&#13;

  661.     );&#13;

  662.   }&#13;

  663.   // Any other handlers come here. Without calls to `event.respondWith()` the&#13;

  664.   // request will be handled without the ServiceWorker.&#13;

  665. });&#13;

  666. </code></pre>

  667. 

  668. <p>Notice we use <code>catch</code> to detect if the request has failed and that therefore we should respond with <code>offline.html</code> content.</p>

  669. 

  670. <h3>Service Worker Registration</h3>

  671. 

  672. <p>A service worker needs to be registered only once. This example shows how to bypass registration if it’s already been done by checking the presence of the <code>navigator.serviceWorker.controller</code> property; if the <code>controller</code> property doesn’t exist, we move on to registering the service worker.</p>

  673. 

  674. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  675. if (navigator.serviceWorker.controller) {&#13;

  676.   // A ServiceWorker controls the site on load and therefor can handle offline&#13;

  677.   // fallbacks.&#13;

  678.   console.log('DEBUG: serviceWorker.controller is truthy');&#13;

  679.   debug(navigator.serviceWorker.controller.scriptURL + ' (onload)', 'controller');&#13;

  680. }&#13;

  681. &#13;

  682. else {&#13;

  683.   // Register the ServiceWorker&#13;

  684.   console.log('DEBUG: serviceWorker.controller is falsy');&#13;

  685.   navigator.serviceWorker.register('service-worker.js', {&#13;

  686.     scope: './'&#13;

  687.   }).then(function(reg) {&#13;

  688.     debug(reg.scope, 'register');&#13;

  689.   });&#13;

  690. }&#13;

  691. </code></pre>

  692. 

  693. <p>With the service worker confirmed as registered, you can test the recipe (and trigger the new page request) by clicking the “refresh” link: (which then triggers a page refresh with a cache-busting parameter):</p>

  694. 

  695. <pre><code class="language-javascript">&#13;

  696. // The refresh link needs a cache-busting URL parameter&#13;

  697. document.querySelector('#refresh').search = Date.now();&#13;

  698. </code></pre>

  699. 

  700. <p>Providing the user an offline message instead of allowing the browser to show its own (sometimes ugly) message is an excellent way of keeping a dialog with the user about why the app isn’t available while they’re offline!</p>

  701. 

  702. <h2>Go offline!</h2>

  703. 

  704. <p>Service workers have moved offline experience and control into a powerful new space.  Today you can use the Service Worker API in Chrome and <a href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/developer/" target="_blank">Firefox Developer Edition</a>.  Many websites are using service workers today as you can see for yourself by going to <code>about:serviceworkers</code> in Firefox Developer Edition;  you’ll see a listing of installed service workers from websites you’ve visited!</p>

  705. 

  706. <p><a href="https://2r4s9p1yi1fa2jd7j43zph8r-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/files/2015/11/AboutServiceWorkers.png"><img src="https://2r4s9p1yi1fa2jd7j43zph8r-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/files/2015/11/AboutServiceWorkers.png" alt="about:serviceworkers"/></a></p>

  707. 

  708. <p>The <a href="https://serviceworke.rs" target="_blank">Service Worker Cookbook</a> is full of excellent, practical recipes and we continue to add more.  Keep an eye out for the next post in this series, <em>At Your Service for More than Just appcache</em>, where you’ll learn about using the Service Worker API for more than just offline purposes.</p>

  709.   </article>

  710. </section>

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  713. <nav id="jumpto">

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  732.     

  733.     <p>

  734.       Voici quelques articles choisis :

  735.       <a href="/david/blog/2019/faire-equipe/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Faire équipe</a>,

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  740.       <a href="/david/blog/2016/senior-developer/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Senior developer</a>,

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  742.       <a href="/david/blog/2016/instantane-scopyleft/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Instantané Scopyleft</a>,

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  748.       <a href="/david/blog/2013/confort-convivialite/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Confort et convivialité</a>,

  749.       <a href="/david/blog/2013/testament-numerique/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Testament numérique</a>,

  750.       et <a href="/david/blog/" title="Accéder aux archives">bien d’autres…</a>

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