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<h1>Wikipédia et le nécronyme des personnes trans : l’insoutenable neutralité du point de vue ?</h1>
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<p id="para-1">Sur <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Le_Bistro">le bistro de Wikipé­dia</a>, la dis­cus­sion autour d’une poten­tielle annonce publique des sondages et déci­sions de vote est ani­mée. « Ce qui se passe à l’intérieur de wikipé­dia n’a pas à en sor­tir », résume une contributrice.</p>

<p id="para-2">Une posi­tion qui sem­ble rel­a­tive­ment partagée. Pour­tant, Wikipé­dia n’est pas Las Vegas : la dis­cus­sion a lieu sur <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Le_Bistro#Pr%C3%A9venir_tout_le_monde_des_sondages_et_des_votes">une page publique</a> acces­si­ble à n’importe qui et qui con­cerne des <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage">sondages</a> et des <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision">pris­es de déci­sion</a> égale­ment acces­si­bles publiquement.</p>

<p id="para-3">Com­ment com­pren­dre cette con­tra­dic­tion entre volon­té de trans­parence et d’entre-soi ?</p>

<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-1">Un certain passif sur les questions de genre</h3>

<p id="para-4">À l’origine de cette dis­cus­sion, un <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans">sondage sur la men­tion du nom de nais­sance des per­son­nes trans</a>, qui cherche à trac­er une voie entre deux objec­tifs con­tra­dic­toires : une volon­té ency­clopédique d’une part, et le respect des per­son­nes trans qui n’ont pas for­cé­ment envie de voir leurs nécronymes (<em>dead­names</em>, ou « noms de nais­sance ») sur un site aus­si vis­i­ble et référencé que Wikipédia.</p>

<p id="para-5">Un débat com­pliqué : en 2022, un précé­dent sondage sur la même ques­tion avait été avorté et sources de nom­breuses ten­sions. Ten­sions égale­ment quelques années plus tôt, lors d’un sondage autour de l’écriture inclu­sive en 2020.</p>

<p id="para-6">L’association <a href="https://sanspages.org/">Les Sans Pages</a>, un pro­jet qui se donne pour but « de réduire le fos­sé des gen­res sur Wikipedia par la pro­duc­tion d’articles sur l’encyclopédie, et l’organisation d’évènements et de for­ma­tions pour pro­mou­voir la par­tic­i­pa­tion et la vis­i­bil­ité des femmes aux pro­jets Wiki­me­dia », crys­tallise les cri­tiques internes pour son côté « mil­i­tant », soupçon­né d’être en con­flit avec la volon­té ency­clopédique et surtout à la <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Neutralit%C3%A9_de_point_de_vue">neu­tral­ité de point de vue</a> qui est un principe fon­da­teur de Wikipé­dia. Il y a égale­ment des ten­sions avec l’association <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikim%C3%A9dia_France">Wikimé­dia France</a> (à ne pas con­fon­dre avec Wikipé­dia en français), avec là encore des soupçons de faire pass­er la lutte con­tre les dis­crim­i­na­tions avant la neutralité.</p>

<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-2">L’organisation</h3>

<p id="para-7">Pour mieux com­pren­dre ce con­flit, il faut s’intéresser à la façon dont sont organ­isés les dif­férents pro­jets Wikimé­dia, qui inclu­ent Wikipé­dia pour l’encyclopédie, Wik­tionary pour le dic­tio­n­naire, Wiki­me­dia Com­mons pour les ressouces mul­ti­mé­dia, Wik­iquote pour les cita­tions, etc.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-3">La fondation Wikimédia</h4>

<p id="para-8">À la base se situe la fon­da­tion Wikimé­dia. Cette organ­i­sa­tion à but non lucratif états-uni­enne four­nit les infra­struc­tures (notam­ment l’hébergement Web) pour les dif­férentes Wikipé­dias et autres pro­jets Wikimé­dia. En dehors de quelques règles de base, elle n’a cepen­dant pas de véri­ta­ble rôle édi­to­r­i­al sur ces dif­férents projets.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-4">Les communautés</h4>

<p id="para-9">Il y a dif­férentes com­mu­nautés pour chaque pro­jet, mais aus­si pour chaque langue : les règles ne sont donc pas for­cé­ment iden­tiques entre les wikipé­dia fran­coph­o­ne et anglophone.</p>

<p id="para-10">Ces dif­férents com­mu­nautés sont large­ment autonomes, même si elles doivent tout de même respecter quelques règles de base.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-5">Les associations locales</h4>

<p id="para-11">Dif­férentes asso­ci­a­tions exis­tent égale­ment et promeu­vent la par­tic­i­pa­tion aux dif­férents pro­jets Wikimé­dia, ain­si que plus large­ment une dif­fu­sion libre des savoirs. Pour la fran­coph­o­nie, on y retrou­ve entre autres Wikimé­dia France, Wikimé­dia Bel­gique ou Wikimé­dia CH, qui sont recon­nues comme « chapitres nationaux » par la fon­da­tion Wikimé­dia ; mais on retrou­ve égale­ment dif­férentes asso­ci­a­tions grav­i­tant autour, comme Les Sans-Pages.</p>

<p id="para-12">Il y a évidem­ment des chevauche­ments : quelqu’un peut être mem­bre d’une ou plusieurs asso­ca­tions tout en par­tic­i­pant à un ou plusieurs pro­jets. Cepen­dant, il peut y avoir aus­si des ten­sions entre ces dif­férentes entités.</p>

<p id="para-13">Pour Max, la com­mu­nauté est partagée entre deux courants :</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-14">D’un côté, les gens qui vont mon­ter des asso­ci­a­tions type les sans pagEs ou Wikimé­dia France, qui pensent que Wikipé­dia appar­tient à tout le monde, que ce n’est pas nor­mal qu’on soit si peu nom­breu-x-es, et qui passent leurs week-ends à tenir des stands ou faire des ate­liers pour attir­er du monde.</p>



<p id="para-15">De l’autre, les gens qui esti­ment que c’est « la com­mu­nauté » qui est légitime, et s’étonnent que ces asso­ci­a­tions ont de l’argent / des dons / sub­ven­tions, tout ça pour les dépenser dans des trucs pas « concrets ».</p>
</blockquote>

<p id="para-16">Ce scep­ti­cisme <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Appel_%C3%A0_commentaires/Sujets_soulev%C3%A9s_par_la_professionnalisation_de_l%27association_homonyme_du_projet_LSP">s’exprime par exem­ple en 2022</a> envers le sou­tien financé par cette asso­ci­a­tion vers <em>Les Sans-Pages</em>, alors que : </p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<ul>
<li>[ses] prin­ci­paux revenus sont les dons, recueil­lis grâce à la qual­ité du tra­vail rédac­tion­nel fourni bénév­ole­ment par la communauté ;</li>



<li>la con­fu­sion Wikipé­dia / Wiki­me­dia France dans l’esprit du pub­lic fait que toute action qui affecte l’image de l’association rejail­lit sur celle de la com­mu­nauté et sur celle de l’encyclopédie.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>

<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-6">Difficile neutralité</h3>

<p id="para-19">Wikipé­dia (et les dif­férents pro­jets Wikimé­dia) se fondent par ailleurs sur le <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Neutralit%C3%A9_de_point_de_vue">principe de neu­tral­ité de point de vue</a>, et celui-ci n’est pas négociable.</p>

<p id="para-20">Ce principe, qui cherche à « présen­ter tous les points de vue per­ti­nents, en les attribuant à leurs auteurs, mais sans en adopter aucun » s’ap­plique à toutes les Wikipé­dias, et il faut recon­naitre que c’est sans doute en par­tie ce qui a per­mis à autant de con­tribu­teurs venant d’horizons et aux opin­ions dif­férentes de con­stru­ire ce qu’est l’encyclopédie aujourd’hui.</p>

<p id="para-21">Cette approche ne trou­ve-t-elle pour­tant pas ses lim­ites lorsqu’on par­le d’oppressions et de groupes minorisés ? « Quelle est la neu­tral­ité de point de vue, si ce n’est celui du groupe dom­i­nant dans la société ? », s’interroge ain­si Clara Sohet.</p>

<p id="para-22">Pour Max, le prob­lème n’est pour­tant pas vrai­ment là :</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-23">Le principe de neu­tral­ité fait nor­male­ment la syn­thèse des sources exis­tantes, donc il nous oblige par exem­ple à rap­porter le point de vue de la psy­ch­analyse sur la tran­si­d­en­tité, mais en dis­ant claire­ment « ceci n’est pas une vérité révélée, mais la posi­tion psy­ch­an­a­ly­tique, qui est cri­tiquée sur tel et tel point ».</p>



<p id="para-24">Le souci, c’est la langue. Un impen­sé de Wikipé­dia est que tout est fac­toïde, que le débat ça va être si un point va être dévelop­pé en une ligne ou trois para­graphes. Mais on ne peut pas avoir de posi­tion inter­mé­di­aire sur la langue, il faut trancher.</p>



<p id="para-25">Ce n’est pas un hasard si l’autre sondage qui a provo­qué une ten­sion énorme c’est celui sur « l’écriture inclu­sive », com­pren­dre l’utilisation du pronom “iel” et le point médi­an. Il n’y a pas de posi­tion inter­mé­di­aire posi­ble : soit Wikipé­dia utilise “iel”, soit non.</p>
</blockquote>

<p id="para-26">Une néces­sité de tranch­er que l’on retrou­ve pour les biogra­phies de per­son­nes vivantes : com­ment trac­er la ligne entre ce qui est « ency­clopédique » (d’autres par­leraient « d’intérêt pub­lic ») et ce qui relève de la vie privée ?</p>

<p id="para-27">Les règles et usages s’élaborent et s’affinent donc à petits pas, à mesure qu’un « con­sen­sus » s’élabore. Revient alors la ques­tion cru­ciale de « qui prend les déci­sions ? ». La sit­u­a­tion actuelle, où cela repose dans les faits sur les con­tribu­teurs les plus investis, et donc ayant assez de temps et les com­pé­tences pour, con­duit donc inévitable­ment à un cer­tain nom­bre de biais.</p>

<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-7">Démarchage et rameutage</h3>

<p id="para-28">C’est dans ce con­texte que s’ouvre le 12 févri­er 2024 et pour deux semaines le sondage sur la men­tion du nécronyme des per­son­nes trans.</p>

<p id="para-29">Rapi­de­ment, celui-ci est relayé sur un mes­sage <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/@Sinkra/111918077592366525">sur le réseau social Mastodon</a> :</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-30">Si vous avez un compte Wikipé­dia avec au moins 50 edits sur l’espace prin­ci­pal (aka les arti­cles), je vous enjoins à aller don­ner votre avis sur le sondage qui a été ouvert sur la ques­tion de la men­tion du dead­name des per­son­nes trans dans leurs articles</p>



<p id="para-31">Le RT est vive­ment apprécié !</p>



<p id="para-32">TW : TRANSPHOBIE (par­ti­c­ulière­ment en page de discussion)</p>



<p><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p id="para-34">Un appel qui ne passe par pour tout le monde, d’autant qu’il sus­cite un grand intérêt et est beau­coup partagé. Sur <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans">la page de dis­cus­sion du sondage en ques­tion</a>, le ton monte vite : met­tant en avant la <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:D%C3%A9marchage">recom­man­da­tion con­cer­nant le démar­chage</a>, cer­tains par­lent d’abord de démar­chage incor­rect ou abusif, puis de « rameu­tage » voire d’ « appel à la fraude élec­torale ». Le <em>trig­ger warn­ing</em> (aver­tisse­ment de con­tenu) par­lant de trans­pho­bie est, de son côté, vu par cer­tains comme une insulte.</p>

<p id="para-35">Rapi­de­ment, il est demandé aux admin­is­tra­teurs de Wikipé­dia fran­coph­o­ne de <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bulletin_des_administrateurs#c-JohnNewton8-20240214150600-Violation_de_WP:PANTIN_pour_peser_sur_l'%C3%A9ditorial">se pronon­cer sur l’exclusion d’un cer­tain nom­bre de participant·e·s</a>, pour pro­pos « cli­vants » ou « agres­sifs » (ceux-ci dénonçant en face de la trans­pho­bie), mais aus­si et surtout pour avoir (ou s’être) « rameuté ».</p>

<p id="para-36">Ce n’est pas la pre­mière fois que la ques­tion du « rameu­tage » ou du « démar­chage incor­rect » se pose pour des sondages ou pris­es de déci­sion sur Wikipé­dia. Il faut dire que les critères pour y par­ticiper sont — jusqu’ici — assez sou­ples : il suf­fit d’avoir un compte sur Wikipé­dia crédité de plus de 50 con­tri­bu­tions, des critères qui regroupent beau­coup plus de monde que le nom­bre habituel de per­son­nes qui y par­ticipent effectivement.</p>

<p id="para-37">La <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:D%C3%A9marchage">recom­man­da­tion</a> actuelle sur Wikipé­dia est de décourager tout appel sur les réseaux soci­aux à par­ticiper à un sondage, au point de deman­der des sanc­tions con­tre les « wikipédien·ne·s » l’ayant fait. Cette lim­i­ta­tion de cir­cu­la­tion de l’information aux con­tribu­teurs les plus réguliers entre quelque peu en con­tra­dic­tion avec le fait que toutes ces dis­cus­sions et déci­sions… sont vis­i­bles par tout le monde, compte Wikipé­dia ou pas, avec un <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans">encadré sur la page du sondage</a> rap­pelant, non pas qu’il faut éviter de dif­fuser celle-ci, mais que « la présente page est publique et sus­cep­ti­ble d’être très con­sultée, voire médiatisée ».</p>

<p id="para-38">Une con­tra­dic­tion que ne com­pren­nent pas for­cé­ment des per­son­nes qui ont, de bonne foi, voulu par­ticiper au sondage et sont main­tenant men­acées de sanc­tions sur Wikipé­dia. « Je n’étais pas au courant de cette règle con­tre le démar­chage », explique Clara Sohet, qui fait par­tie des per­son­nes visées. « Claire­ment, une fois que j’ai su pour cette règle, je savais que j’étais car­ré­ment hors des clous, mais j’espérais m’en sor­tir en me dis­ant que je n’avais dic­té à per­son­ne com­ment vot­er exactement. »</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-39">Inter­dire la “pub­lic­ité” des sondages est absurde. Si je com­prends bien, ils ont eu des prob­lèmes dans le passé. je pense que les lim­i­ta­tions qui avaient été prévues pour le sondage (comptes ayant 50 par­tic­i­pa­tions sur les arti­cles français au moment de l’ouverture du sondage) est une mesure de sécu­rité suff­isante pour empêch­er les comptes trolls de venir en masse.</p>
</blockquote>

<p id="para-40">pense, de son côté, Lux, égale­ment visée. Une approche loin d’être partagée par les tenanciers :</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-41">Le démar­chage est la porte ouverte à tout groupe de pres­sion, idéologique, poli­tique, religieux, financier etc. Il doit être com­bat­tu fer­me­ment. La crédi­bil­ité de Wikipedia est en jeu, car on en arriverait à un sys­tème où qui rameute le plus de trolls a raison.</p>
</blockquote>

<p id="para-42">argu­mente JohnNewton8, qui ne voit pas la con­tra­dic­tion avec le fait que ces pages soient publiques :</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-43">Ce n’est pas un ref­er­en­dum ouvert à tous, ni une péti­tion qu’on ferait cir­culer, ça ne con­cerne que les bénév­oles qui con­stru­isent l’encyclopédie. À l’Assemblée, au Sénat, les débats sont publics. Ça ne veut pas dire que les députés deman­dent au pub­lic leur avis.</p>
</blockquote>

<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-8">Des prises de décision en petit groupe</h3>

<p id="para-44">Un argu­ment qui peut sur­pren­dre. Dans cette métaphore, n’importe quel con­tribu­teur ayant plus de 50 con­tri­bu­tions serait lui-même député, et quiconque a déjà un peu suivi ce qu’il se passe au par­lement aura bien remar­qué qu’un « rameu­tage » dans ce cadre n’est pas vrai­ment sus­cep­ti­ble de sanctions.</p>

<p id="para-45">Cette logique est cepen­dant plus com­préhen­si­ble lorsqu’on regarde quelques chiffres : il y a en ce moment <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Statistiques">17 860</a> util­isa­teurs act­ifs (ayant fait une mod­i­fi­ca­tion dans les 30 derniers jours), con­tre plus de qua­tre mil­lions de compte sur la Wikipé­dia fran­coph­o­ne. En miroir, la plu­part des déci­sions et des sondages sont d’ordinaire clos avec autour d’une cen­taine d’avis, là où le sondage sur la ques­tion du nécronyme des per­son­nes trans en recueille déjà près de trois fois plus.</p>

<p id="para-46">La règle for­mulée offi­cielle­ment est donc qu’il suf­fit d’avoir con­tribué à plus de cinquante mod­i­fi­ca­tions d’articles, mais l’<em>usage</em> en pra­tique est très dif­férent : ne par­ticipent à ces sondages et déci­sions que les per­son­nes qui sont <em>très</em> impliquées dans Wikipé­dia, con­nais­sent bien ses arcanes et suiv­ent ce qui se passe der­rière la par­tie émergée vis­i­ble lorsque l’on con­sulte l’encyclopédie :</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-47">Tout le monde doit pou­voir con­tribuer à Wikipedia. Mais pour com­mencer à don­ner son avis il faut en maîtris­er les règles, ce qui impose une assiduité et une anci­en­neté significatives.</p>
</blockquote>

<p id="para-48">explique JohnNewton8. Il faut dire que des règles et recom­man­da­tions, il y en a un grand nom­bre à avoir en tête, sans même par­ler des usages et du vocab­u­laire très spé­ci­fique qui peu­vent ren­dre les dis­cus­sions entre « wikipédien·ne·s » assez her­mé­tiques aux nouveaux-venus.</p>

<p id="para-49">Avec le « rameu­tage » par les réseaux soci­aux de per­son­nes qui ne ren­trent pas dans cette caté­gorie, cet usage est donc cham­boulé, et les habitués perçoivent cette vague d’intrus — même ayant les cinquante con­tri­bu­tions régle­men­taires — comme un coup de force.</p>

<p id="para-50">Suite à ce sondage, deux propo­si­tions ont d’ailleurs émergé chez les habitués de Wikipé­dia : com­mu­ni­quer plus large­ment sur les votes et les sondages (et donc rap­procher la pra­tique de la règle offi­cielle), ou « dur­cir » les con­di­tions de par­tic­i­pa­tion (et donc rap­procher la règle offi­cielle de la pratique).</p>

<p id="para-51">Pour l’instant, c’est plutôt la sec­onde approche qui sem­ble tenir la ligne, et l’heure sem­ble plutôt à resser­rer les rangs qu’à les ouvrir.</p>

<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-9">Des sanctions très mal perçues</h3>

<p id="para-52">Alors que le sondage approche de sa clô­ture, des sanc­tions sont pris­es par les admin­is­tra­teurs, et plusieurs per­son­nes voient ain­si leur compte Wikipé­dia blo­qués pour une durée indéfinie.</p>

<p id="para-53">Lux et Clara Sohet font par­tie des per­son­nes voy­ant leur compte blo­qué de façon défini­tive, et ont l’impression d’avoir affaire à un deux poids, deux mesures :</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-54">La per­son­ne qui a été la plus vio­lente envers nous, bien qu’apparemment elle soit récidi­viste, ne risque, elle que trois jours de blocage</p>
</blockquote>

<p id="para-55">La nou­velle du blocage (in)définitif de quelques per­son­nes trans pour « démar­chage incor­rect » et « règles de savoir-vivre » est rapi­de­ment relayée sur les réseaux soci­aux, pous­sant l’association <em>Toutes des femmes</em> à <a href="https://asso.lgbt/@toutesdesfemmes/111982058304837890">com­mu­ni­quer</a> :</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-56">Bien qu’initialement ouvert à tout contributeur·ice ayant un min­i­mum de 50 con­tri­bu­tions, la par­tic­i­pa­tion à ce sondage s’est rapi­de­ment ver­rouil­lée. Accusés de “pro­pa­gande”, et de manque d’objectivé, de nombreux·ses contributeur·ices trans en ont été exclu·es.</p>



<p id="para-57">Des contributeur·ices trans rap­por­tent avoir été ban­nis défini­tive­ment de Wikipé­dia pour avoir soulevé leurs inquié­tudes et sig­nalé l’existence de ce sondage, tan­dis que des contributeur·ices ayant tenu des pro­pos man­i­feste­ment trans­pho­bes n’ont été que légère­ment sanctionné·es.</p>



<p id="para-58">Pour­tant, men­tion­ner sys­té­ma­tique­ment les anciens prénoms des per­son­nes trans sur leur page Wikipé­dia représen­terait bien une grave atteinte à leur vie privée, et con­tribuerait à les met­tre tou­jours davan­tage en dan­ger dans la société.</p>



<p id="para-59">Ces com­porte­ments ne peu­vent que con­tin­uer à exclure les per­son­nes mar­gin­al­isées des con­tri­bu­tions à Wikipé­dia. Wikipé­dia en français doit enten­dre la voix des contributeur·ices trans et allié·es et les pren­dre au sérieux. Cette con­ver­sa­tion ne peut avoir lieu sans elles.</p>
</blockquote>

<p id="para-60">Pour ce qui est de pren­dre en compte les rap­ports d’oppression, ce n’est donc peut-être pas tant la volon­té de neu­tral­ité de point de vue qui pose prob­lème, que la manière d’appliquer les « règles de savoir-vivre » et la façon dont la vio­lence ver­bale est perçue :</p>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-61">Le « TW : trans­pho­bie » a été vu comme de la diffama­tion, alors que des pro­pos trans­pho­bes « polis » sont passés crème,</p>
</blockquote>

<p id="para-62">explique Max.</p>

<p id="para-63">Une façon de faire qui n’est pas sans rap­pel­er la notion de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_policing">Tone polic­ing</a>, ou police du ton… dont on ne trou­ve pour l’heure pas de page sur la wikipé­dia francophone.</p>

<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-10">Une question qui ne concerne pas que Wikipédia</h3>

<p id="para-64">Évidem­ment, les sanc­tions entrainent de nou­velles cri­tiques sur les réseaux soci­aux ; sur Le Bistro de Wikipé­dia, le sen­ti­ment de citadelle assiégée est encore ren­for­cé. Alors que la pub­lic­ité de ce sondage aurait pu être l’occasion d’expliquer les rouages internes de Wikipé­dia, et de pouss­er plus de per­son­nes à s’y impli­quer, elle n’aura fait que ren­forcer les frac­tures et les tensions.</p>

<p id="para-65">Les dif­férents arti­cles qui sont sor­tis au cours de cette polémique mon­trent par ailleurs que le prob­lème n’est pas spé­ci­fique à Wikipé­dia. <a href="https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/mentionner-ou-non-l-ancien-nom-de-personnes-trans-le-debat-agite-wikipedia-8562090">Celui de France Inter</a>, par exem­ple, fait inter­venir un « soci­o­logue spé­cial­isé dans les ques­tions de genre » (à défaut d’avoir trou­vé une per­son­ne trans à inter­roger) pour par­ler des impli­ca­tions con­crètes que peut avoir le fait de dévoil­er le nom de nais­sance d’une per­son­ne trans, en par­ti­c­uli­er dans une péri­ode qui voit une mon­tée de la transphobie. </p>

<p id="para-65">Mal­heureuse­ment, plutôt que de mon­tr­er que les mêmes ques­tions peu­vent se pos­er dans le jour­nal­isme, l’article arrive à illus­tr­er par­faite­ment (et ironique­ment) le prob­lème… en se con­clu­ant sans réfléchir sur le nécronyme d’une per­son­ne trans.</p>

<p>(Mod­i­fié pour cor­riger “pro­jets Medi­aWi­ki” en “pro­jets Wikimé­dia”, <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" title>Medi­awi­ki</a> étant le logi­ciel util­isé par les pro­jets Wikimé­dia mais aus­si tout un tas d’autres wikis)</p>

<p>(Mod­i­fié le 27 févri­er pour cor­riger une attri­bu­tion de citation)</p>
</article>


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cache/2024/1eec2b195d91939cdc7bad71b40021bd/index.md Datei anzeigen

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
title: Wikipédia et le nécronyme des personnes trans : l’insoutenable neutralité du point de vue ?
url: https://crowdagger.fr/wikipedia-et-le-necronyme-des-personnes-trans-linsoutenable-neutralite-du-point-de-vue/
hash_url: 1eec2b195d91939cdc7bad71b40021bd
archive_date: 2024-03-01
og_image: https://crowdagger.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/necronomicon.jpg
description: Tentative de comprendre le conflit sur Wikipédia francophone autour du nécronyme des personnes trans
favicon: https://crowdagger.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/cropped-facivon-32x32.png
language: fr_FR
<p id="para-1">Sur <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Le_Bistro">le bistro de Wikipé­dia</a>, la dis­cus­sion autour d’une poten­tielle annonce publique des sondages et déci­sions de vote est ani­mée. « Ce qui se passe à l’intérieur de wikipé­dia n’a pas à en sor­tir », résume une contributrice.</p>



<p id="para-2">Une posi­tion qui sem­ble rel­a­tive­ment partagée. Pour­tant, Wikipé­dia n’est pas Las Vegas : la dis­cus­sion a lieu sur <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Le_Bistro#Pr%C3%A9venir_tout_le_monde_des_sondages_et_des_votes">une page publique</a> acces­si­ble à n’importe qui et qui con­cerne des <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage">sondages</a> et des <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision">pris­es de déci­sion</a> égale­ment acces­si­bles publiquement.</p>



<p id="para-3">Com­ment com­pren­dre cette con­tra­dic­tion entre volon­té de trans­parence et d’entre-soi ?</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-1">Un certain passif sur les questions de genre</h3>



<p id="para-4">À l’origine de cette dis­cus­sion, un <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans">sondage sur la men­tion du nom de nais­sance des per­son­nes trans</a>, qui cherche à trac­er une voie entre deux objec­tifs con­tra­dic­toires : une volon­té ency­clopédique d’une part, et le respect des per­son­nes trans qui n’ont pas for­cé­ment envie de voir leurs nécronymes (<em>dead­names</em>, ou « noms de nais­sance ») sur un site aus­si vis­i­ble et référencé que Wikipédia.</p>



<p id="para-5">Un débat com­pliqué : en 2022, un précé­dent sondage sur la même ques­tion avait été avorté et sources de nom­breuses ten­sions. Ten­sions égale­ment quelques années plus tôt, lors d’un sondage autour de l’écriture inclu­sive en 2020.</p>



<p id="para-6">L’association <a href="https://sanspages.org/">Les Sans Pages</a>, un pro­jet qui se donne pour but « de réduire le fos­sé des gen­res sur Wikipedia par la pro­duc­tion d’articles sur l’encyclopédie, et l’organisation d’évènements et de for­ma­tions pour pro­mou­voir la par­tic­i­pa­tion et la vis­i­bil­ité des femmes aux pro­jets Wiki­me­dia », crys­tallise les cri­tiques internes pour son côté « mil­i­tant », soupçon­né d’être en con­flit avec la volon­té ency­clopédique et surtout à la <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Neutralit%C3%A9_de_point_de_vue">neu­tral­ité de point de vue</a> qui est un principe fon­da­teur de Wikipé­dia. Il y a égale­ment des ten­sions avec l’association <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikim%C3%A9dia_France">Wikimé­dia France</a> (à ne pas con­fon­dre avec Wikipé­dia en français), avec là encore des soupçons de faire pass­er la lutte con­tre les dis­crim­i­na­tions avant la neutralité.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-2">L’organisation</h3>



<p id="para-7">Pour mieux com­pren­dre ce con­flit, il faut s’intéresser à la façon dont sont organ­isés les dif­férents pro­jets Wikimé­dia, qui inclu­ent Wikipé­dia pour l’encyclopédie, Wik­tionary pour le dic­tio­n­naire, Wiki­me­dia Com­mons pour les ressouces mul­ti­mé­dia, Wik­iquote pour les cita­tions, etc.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-3">La fondation Wikimédia</h4>



<p id="para-8">À la base se situe la fon­da­tion Wikimé­dia. Cette organ­i­sa­tion à but non lucratif états-uni­enne four­nit les infra­struc­tures (notam­ment l’hébergement Web) pour les dif­férentes Wikipé­dias et autres pro­jets Wikimé­dia. En dehors de quelques règles de base, elle n’a cepen­dant pas de véri­ta­ble rôle édi­to­r­i­al sur ces dif­férents projets.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-4">Les communautés</h4>



<p id="para-9">Il y a dif­férentes com­mu­nautés pour chaque pro­jet, mais aus­si pour chaque langue : les règles ne sont donc pas for­cé­ment iden­tiques entre les wikipé­dia fran­coph­o­ne et anglophone.</p>



<p id="para-10">Ces dif­férents com­mu­nautés sont large­ment autonomes, même si elles doivent tout de même respecter quelques règles de base.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-5">Les associations locales</h4>



<p id="para-11">Dif­férentes asso­ci­a­tions exis­tent égale­ment et promeu­vent la par­tic­i­pa­tion aux dif­férents pro­jets Wikimé­dia, ain­si que plus large­ment une dif­fu­sion libre des savoirs. Pour la fran­coph­o­nie, on y retrou­ve entre autres Wikimé­dia France, Wikimé­dia Bel­gique ou Wikimé­dia CH, qui sont recon­nues comme « chapitres nationaux » par la fon­da­tion Wikimé­dia ; mais on retrou­ve égale­ment dif­férentes asso­ci­a­tions grav­i­tant autour, comme Les Sans-Pages.</p>



<p id="para-12">Il y a évidem­ment des chevauche­ments : quelqu’un peut être mem­bre d’une ou plusieurs asso­ca­tions tout en par­tic­i­pant à un ou plusieurs pro­jets. Cepen­dant, il peut y avoir aus­si des ten­sions entre ces dif­férentes entités.</p>



<p id="para-13">Pour Max, la com­mu­nauté est partagée entre deux courants :</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-14">D’un côté, les gens qui vont mon­ter des asso­ci­a­tions type les sans pagEs ou Wikimé­dia France, qui pensent que Wikipé­dia appar­tient à tout le monde, que ce n’est pas nor­mal qu’on soit si peu nom­breu-x-es, et qui passent leurs week-ends à tenir des stands ou faire des ate­liers pour attir­er du monde.</p>



<p id="para-15">De l’autre, les gens qui esti­ment que c’est « la com­mu­nauté » qui est légitime, et s’étonnent que ces asso­ci­a­tions ont de l’argent / des dons / sub­ven­tions, tout ça pour les dépenser dans des trucs pas « concrets ».</p>
</blockquote>



<p id="para-16">Ce scep­ti­cisme <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Appel_%C3%A0_commentaires/Sujets_soulev%C3%A9s_par_la_professionnalisation_de_l%27association_homonyme_du_projet_LSP">s’exprime par exem­ple en 2022</a> envers le sou­tien financé par cette asso­ci­a­tion vers <em>Les Sans-Pages</em>, alors que : </p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<ul>
<li>[ses] prin­ci­paux revenus sont les dons, recueil­lis grâce à la qual­ité du tra­vail rédac­tion­nel fourni bénév­ole­ment par la communauté ;</li>



<li>la con­fu­sion Wikipé­dia / Wiki­me­dia France dans l’esprit du pub­lic fait que toute action qui affecte l’image de l’association rejail­lit sur celle de la com­mu­nauté et sur celle de l’encyclopédie.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-6">Difficile neutralité</h3>



<p id="para-19">Wikipé­dia (et les dif­férents pro­jets Wikimé­dia) se fondent par ailleurs sur le <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Neutralit%C3%A9_de_point_de_vue">principe de neu­tral­ité de point de vue</a>, et celui-ci n’est pas négociable.</p>



<p id="para-20">Ce principe, qui cherche à « présen­ter tous les points de vue per­ti­nents, en les attribuant à leurs auteurs, mais sans en adopter aucun » s’ap­plique à toutes les Wikipé­dias, et il faut recon­naitre que c’est sans doute en par­tie ce qui a per­mis à autant de con­tribu­teurs venant d’horizons et aux opin­ions dif­férentes de con­stru­ire ce qu’est l’encyclopédie aujourd’hui.</p>



<p id="para-21">Cette approche ne trou­ve-t-elle pour­tant pas ses lim­ites lorsqu’on par­le d’oppressions et de groupes minorisés ? « Quelle est la neu­tral­ité de point de vue, si ce n’est celui du groupe dom­i­nant dans la société ? », s’interroge ain­si Clara Sohet.</p>



<p id="para-22">Pour Max, le prob­lème n’est pour­tant pas vrai­ment là :</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-23">Le principe de neu­tral­ité fait nor­male­ment la syn­thèse des sources exis­tantes, donc il nous oblige par exem­ple à rap­porter le point de vue de la psy­ch­analyse sur la tran­si­d­en­tité, mais en dis­ant claire­ment « ceci n’est pas une vérité révélée, mais la posi­tion psy­ch­an­a­ly­tique, qui est cri­tiquée sur tel et tel point ».</p>



<p id="para-24">Le souci, c’est la langue. Un impen­sé de Wikipé­dia est que tout est fac­toïde, que le débat ça va être si un point va être dévelop­pé en une ligne ou trois para­graphes. Mais on ne peut pas avoir de posi­tion inter­mé­di­aire sur la langue, il faut trancher.</p>



<p id="para-25">Ce n’est pas un hasard si l’autre sondage qui a provo­qué une ten­sion énorme c’est celui sur « l’écriture inclu­sive », com­pren­dre l’utilisation du pronom “iel” et le point médi­an. Il n’y a pas de posi­tion inter­mé­di­aire posi­ble : soit Wikipé­dia utilise “iel”, soit non.</p>
</blockquote>



<p id="para-26">Une néces­sité de tranch­er que l’on retrou­ve pour les biogra­phies de per­son­nes vivantes : com­ment trac­er la ligne entre ce qui est « ency­clopédique » (d’autres par­leraient « d’intérêt pub­lic ») et ce qui relève de la vie privée ?</p>



<p id="para-27">Les règles et usages s’élaborent et s’affinent donc à petits pas, à mesure qu’un « con­sen­sus » s’élabore. Revient alors la ques­tion cru­ciale de « qui prend les déci­sions ? ». La sit­u­a­tion actuelle, où cela repose dans les faits sur les con­tribu­teurs les plus investis, et donc ayant assez de temps et les com­pé­tences pour, con­duit donc inévitable­ment à un cer­tain nom­bre de biais.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-7">Démarchage et rameutage</h3>



<p id="para-28">C’est dans ce con­texte que s’ouvre le 12 févri­er 2024 et pour deux semaines le sondage sur la men­tion du nécronyme des per­son­nes trans.</p>



<p id="para-29">Rapi­de­ment, celui-ci est relayé sur un mes­sage <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/@Sinkra/111918077592366525">sur le réseau social Mastodon</a> :</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-30">Si vous avez un compte Wikipé­dia avec au moins 50 edits sur l’espace prin­ci­pal (aka les arti­cles), je vous enjoins à aller don­ner votre avis sur le sondage qui a été ouvert sur la ques­tion de la men­tion du dead­name des per­son­nes trans dans leurs articles</p>



<p id="para-31">Le RT est vive­ment apprécié !</p>



<p id="para-32">TW : TRANSPHOBIE (par­ti­c­ulière­ment en page de discussion)</p>



<p><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans</a></p>
</blockquote>



<p id="para-34">Un appel qui ne passe par pour tout le monde, d’autant qu’il sus­cite un grand intérêt et est beau­coup partagé. Sur <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans">la page de dis­cus­sion du sondage en ques­tion</a>, le ton monte vite : met­tant en avant la <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:D%C3%A9marchage">recom­man­da­tion con­cer­nant le démar­chage</a>, cer­tains par­lent d’abord de démar­chage incor­rect ou abusif, puis de « rameu­tage » voire d’ « appel à la fraude élec­torale ». Le <em>trig­ger warn­ing</em> (aver­tisse­ment de con­tenu) par­lant de trans­pho­bie est, de son côté, vu par cer­tains comme une insulte.</p>



<p id="para-35">Rapi­de­ment, il est demandé aux admin­is­tra­teurs de Wikipé­dia fran­coph­o­ne de <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bulletin_des_administrateurs#c-JohnNewton8-20240214150600-Violation_de_WP:PANTIN_pour_peser_sur_l'%C3%A9ditorial">se pronon­cer sur l’exclusion d’un cer­tain nom­bre de participant·e·s</a>, pour pro­pos « cli­vants » ou « agres­sifs » (ceux-ci dénonçant en face de la trans­pho­bie), mais aus­si et surtout pour avoir (ou s’être) « rameuté ».</p>



<p id="para-36">Ce n’est pas la pre­mière fois que la ques­tion du « rameu­tage » ou du « démar­chage incor­rect » se pose pour des sondages ou pris­es de déci­sion sur Wikipé­dia. Il faut dire que les critères pour y par­ticiper sont — jusqu’ici — assez sou­ples : il suf­fit d’avoir un compte sur Wikipé­dia crédité de plus de 50 con­tri­bu­tions, des critères qui regroupent beau­coup plus de monde que le nom­bre habituel de per­son­nes qui y par­ticipent effectivement.</p>



<p id="para-37">La <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:D%C3%A9marchage">recom­man­da­tion</a> actuelle sur Wikipé­dia est de décourager tout appel sur les réseaux soci­aux à par­ticiper à un sondage, au point de deman­der des sanc­tions con­tre les « wikipédien·ne·s » l’ayant fait. Cette lim­i­ta­tion de cir­cu­la­tion de l’information aux con­tribu­teurs les plus réguliers entre quelque peu en con­tra­dic­tion avec le fait que toutes ces dis­cus­sions et déci­sions… sont vis­i­bles par tout le monde, compte Wikipé­dia ou pas, avec un <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans">encadré sur la page du sondage</a> rap­pelant, non pas qu’il faut éviter de dif­fuser celle-ci, mais que « la présente page est publique et sus­cep­ti­ble d’être très con­sultée, voire médiatisée ».</p>



<p id="para-38">Une con­tra­dic­tion que ne com­pren­nent pas for­cé­ment des per­son­nes qui ont, de bonne foi, voulu par­ticiper au sondage et sont main­tenant men­acées de sanc­tions sur Wikipé­dia. « Je n’étais pas au courant de cette règle con­tre le démar­chage », explique Clara Sohet, qui fait par­tie des per­son­nes visées. « Claire­ment, une fois que j’ai su pour cette règle, je savais que j’étais car­ré­ment hors des clous, mais j’espérais m’en sor­tir en me dis­ant que je n’avais dic­té à per­son­ne com­ment vot­er exactement. »</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-39">Inter­dire la “pub­lic­ité” des sondages est absurde. Si je com­prends bien, ils ont eu des prob­lèmes dans le passé. je pense que les lim­i­ta­tions qui avaient été prévues pour le sondage (comptes ayant 50 par­tic­i­pa­tions sur les arti­cles français au moment de l’ouverture du sondage) est une mesure de sécu­rité suff­isante pour empêch­er les comptes trolls de venir en masse.</p>
</blockquote>



<p id="para-40">pense, de son côté, Lux, égale­ment visée. Une approche loin d’être partagée par les tenanciers :</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-41">Le démar­chage est la porte ouverte à tout groupe de pres­sion, idéologique, poli­tique, religieux, financier etc. Il doit être com­bat­tu fer­me­ment. La crédi­bil­ité de Wikipedia est en jeu, car on en arriverait à un sys­tème où qui rameute le plus de trolls a raison.</p>
</blockquote>



<p id="para-42">argu­mente JohnNewton8, qui ne voit pas la con­tra­dic­tion avec le fait que ces pages soient publiques :</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-43">Ce n’est pas un ref­er­en­dum ouvert à tous, ni une péti­tion qu’on ferait cir­culer, ça ne con­cerne que les bénév­oles qui con­stru­isent l’encyclopédie. À l’Assemblée, au Sénat, les débats sont publics. Ça ne veut pas dire que les députés deman­dent au pub­lic leur avis.</p>
</blockquote>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-8">Des prises de décision en petit groupe</h3>



<p id="para-44">Un argu­ment qui peut sur­pren­dre. Dans cette métaphore, n’importe quel con­tribu­teur ayant plus de 50 con­tri­bu­tions serait lui-même député, et quiconque a déjà un peu suivi ce qu’il se passe au par­lement aura bien remar­qué qu’un « rameu­tage » dans ce cadre n’est pas vrai­ment sus­cep­ti­ble de sanctions.</p>



<p id="para-45">Cette logique est cepen­dant plus com­préhen­si­ble lorsqu’on regarde quelques chiffres : il y a en ce moment <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Statistiques">17 860</a> util­isa­teurs act­ifs (ayant fait une mod­i­fi­ca­tion dans les 30 derniers jours), con­tre plus de qua­tre mil­lions de compte sur la Wikipé­dia fran­coph­o­ne. En miroir, la plu­part des déci­sions et des sondages sont d’ordinaire clos avec autour d’une cen­taine d’avis, là où le sondage sur la ques­tion du nécronyme des per­son­nes trans en recueille déjà près de trois fois plus.</p>



<p id="para-46">La règle for­mulée offi­cielle­ment est donc qu’il suf­fit d’avoir con­tribué à plus de cinquante mod­i­fi­ca­tions d’articles, mais l’<em>usage</em> en pra­tique est très dif­férent : ne par­ticipent à ces sondages et déci­sions que les per­son­nes qui sont <em>très</em> impliquées dans Wikipé­dia, con­nais­sent bien ses arcanes et suiv­ent ce qui se passe der­rière la par­tie émergée vis­i­ble lorsque l’on con­sulte l’encyclopédie :</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-47">Tout le monde doit pou­voir con­tribuer à Wikipedia. Mais pour com­mencer à don­ner son avis il faut en maîtris­er les règles, ce qui impose une assiduité et une anci­en­neté significatives.</p>
</blockquote>



<p id="para-48">explique JohnNewton8. Il faut dire que des règles et recom­man­da­tions, il y en a un grand nom­bre à avoir en tête, sans même par­ler des usages et du vocab­u­laire très spé­ci­fique qui peu­vent ren­dre les dis­cus­sions entre « wikipédien·ne·s » assez her­mé­tiques aux nouveaux-venus.</p>



<p id="para-49">Avec le « rameu­tage » par les réseaux soci­aux de per­son­nes qui ne ren­trent pas dans cette caté­gorie, cet usage est donc cham­boulé, et les habitués perçoivent cette vague d’intrus — même ayant les cinquante con­tri­bu­tions régle­men­taires — comme un coup de force.</p>



<p id="para-50">Suite à ce sondage, deux propo­si­tions ont d’ailleurs émergé chez les habitués de Wikipé­dia : com­mu­ni­quer plus large­ment sur les votes et les sondages (et donc rap­procher la pra­tique de la règle offi­cielle), ou « dur­cir » les con­di­tions de par­tic­i­pa­tion (et donc rap­procher la règle offi­cielle de la pratique).</p>



<p id="para-51">Pour l’instant, c’est plutôt la sec­onde approche qui sem­ble tenir la ligne, et l’heure sem­ble plutôt à resser­rer les rangs qu’à les ouvrir.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-9">Des sanctions très mal perçues</h3>



<p id="para-52">Alors que le sondage approche de sa clô­ture, des sanc­tions sont pris­es par les admin­is­tra­teurs, et plusieurs per­son­nes voient ain­si leur compte Wikipé­dia blo­qués pour une durée indéfinie.</p>



<p id="para-53">Lux et Clara Sohet font par­tie des per­son­nes voy­ant leur compte blo­qué de façon défini­tive, et ont l’impression d’avoir affaire à un deux poids, deux mesures :</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-54">La per­son­ne qui a été la plus vio­lente envers nous, bien qu’apparemment elle soit récidi­viste, ne risque, elle que trois jours de blocage</p>
</blockquote>



<p id="para-55">La nou­velle du blocage (in)définitif de quelques per­son­nes trans pour « démar­chage incor­rect » et « règles de savoir-vivre » est rapi­de­ment relayée sur les réseaux soci­aux, pous­sant l’association <em>Toutes des femmes</em> à <a href="https://asso.lgbt/@toutesdesfemmes/111982058304837890">com­mu­ni­quer</a> :</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-56">Bien qu’initialement ouvert à tout contributeur·ice ayant un min­i­mum de 50 con­tri­bu­tions, la par­tic­i­pa­tion à ce sondage s’est rapi­de­ment ver­rouil­lée. Accusés de “pro­pa­gande”, et de manque d’objectivé, de nombreux·ses contributeur·ices trans en ont été exclu·es.</p>



<p id="para-57">Des contributeur·ices trans rap­por­tent avoir été ban­nis défini­tive­ment de Wikipé­dia pour avoir soulevé leurs inquié­tudes et sig­nalé l’existence de ce sondage, tan­dis que des contributeur·ices ayant tenu des pro­pos man­i­feste­ment trans­pho­bes n’ont été que légère­ment sanctionné·es.</p>



<p id="para-58">Pour­tant, men­tion­ner sys­té­ma­tique­ment les anciens prénoms des per­son­nes trans sur leur page Wikipé­dia représen­terait bien une grave atteinte à leur vie privée, et con­tribuerait à les met­tre tou­jours davan­tage en dan­ger dans la société.</p>



<p id="para-59">Ces com­porte­ments ne peu­vent que con­tin­uer à exclure les per­son­nes mar­gin­al­isées des con­tri­bu­tions à Wikipé­dia. Wikipé­dia en français doit enten­dre la voix des contributeur·ices trans et allié·es et les pren­dre au sérieux. Cette con­ver­sa­tion ne peut avoir lieu sans elles.</p>
</blockquote>



<p id="para-60">Pour ce qui est de pren­dre en compte les rap­ports d’oppression, ce n’est donc peut-être pas tant la volon­té de neu­tral­ité de point de vue qui pose prob­lème, que la manière d’appliquer les « règles de savoir-vivre » et la façon dont la vio­lence ver­bale est perçue :</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
<p id="para-61">Le « TW : trans­pho­bie » a été vu comme de la diffama­tion, alors que des pro­pos trans­pho­bes « polis » sont passés crème,</p>
</blockquote>



<p id="para-62">explique Max.</p>



<p id="para-63">Une façon de faire qui n’est pas sans rap­pel­er la notion de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_policing">Tone polic­ing</a>, ou police du ton… dont on ne trou­ve pour l’heure pas de page sur la wikipé­dia francophone.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="link-10">Une question qui ne concerne pas que Wikipédia</h3>



<p id="para-64">Évidem­ment, les sanc­tions entrainent de nou­velles cri­tiques sur les réseaux soci­aux ; sur Le Bistro de Wikipé­dia, le sen­ti­ment de citadelle assiégée est encore ren­for­cé. Alors que la pub­lic­ité de ce sondage aurait pu être l’occasion d’expliquer les rouages internes de Wikipé­dia, et de pouss­er plus de per­son­nes à s’y impli­quer, elle n’aura fait que ren­forcer les frac­tures et les tensions.</p>



<p id="para-65">Les dif­férents arti­cles qui sont sor­tis au cours de cette polémique mon­trent par ailleurs que le prob­lème n’est pas spé­ci­fique à Wikipé­dia. <a href="https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/mentionner-ou-non-l-ancien-nom-de-personnes-trans-le-debat-agite-wikipedia-8562090">Celui de France Inter</a>, par exem­ple, fait inter­venir un « soci­o­logue spé­cial­isé dans les ques­tions de genre » (à défaut d’avoir trou­vé une per­son­ne trans à inter­roger) pour par­ler des impli­ca­tions con­crètes que peut avoir le fait de dévoil­er le nom de nais­sance d’une per­son­ne trans, en par­ti­c­uli­er dans une péri­ode qui voit une mon­tée de la transphobie. </p>



<p id="para-65">Mal­heureuse­ment, plutôt que de mon­tr­er que les mêmes ques­tions peu­vent se pos­er dans le jour­nal­isme, l’article arrive à illus­tr­er par­faite­ment (et ironique­ment) le prob­lème… en se con­clu­ant sans réfléchir sur le nécronyme d’une per­son­ne trans.</p>



<p>(Mod­i­fié pour cor­riger “pro­jets Medi­aWi­ki” en “pro­jets Wikimé­dia”, <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" title>Medi­awi­ki</a> étant le logi­ciel util­isé par les pro­jets Wikimé­dia mais aus­si tout un tas d’autres wikis)</p>



<p>(Mod­i­fié le 27 févri­er pour cor­riger une attri­bu­tion de citation)</p>

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<h1>Three requests for the Google Chrome team as they experiment with RSS</h1>
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<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">I’m pleased to see <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2021/05/an-experiment-in-helping-users-and-web.html">Chrome experimenting with RSS feeds</a> – and therefore possibly Google getting interested in increased RSS feed support. RSS is important! The interface is this:</p>
<ul class="list ph0 ph0-ns bulleted-list">
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">A <em>”+ Follow”</em> button will appear for sites with an RSS feed, on the mobile browser</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">The browser’s home screen will include a <em>“Following”</em> tab that shows the latest news from followed sites.</li>
</ul>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><em>(<strong>Don’t know what RSS is?</strong> RSS feeds are how you can get the latest content out of websites and into dedicated “newsreader” apps which are made for reading, with an interface a little like Facebook but totally decentralised and un-surveilled. The technology was invented in 1999, and it’s still supported by probably 30%+ sites on the web with a ton of newsreader apps… but it’s had a moribund few years. There are signs of a recent resurgence, of which this is one. RSS is also the plumbing behind podcast distribution. For me, RSS is primary way I browse the web. <a href="https://aboutfeeds.com">Want to get started? Here’s how.</a>)</em></p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">In case the Chrome team reads this, I have three requests.</p>
<h3 class="measure f4 f3-l lh-copy black-80 pt3 pt4-l pb0 mb0">1. Sweat the new user experience</h3>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Despite RSS’s strong history and continued usage, at this point I would guess that new users find it inscrutable, and it’s hard to tell whether a given site offers an RSS feed or not. Even then, the subscribing experience is not consistent.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">So, if this is going to be a success…</p>

<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Finally, recognise that the browser is not the best place read RSS feeds long term. We learnt that last time round.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">The browser is a great place to get started, but users need to graduate to something dedicated as they follow more feeds. So pave that path somehow… maybe make a user’s subscriptions available as an industry-standard OPML file, somewhere on the google.com domain? And show users how they can use that subscriptions list in any one of a whole ecosystem of newsreaders.</p>
<h3 class="measure f4 f3-l lh-copy black-80 pt3 pt4-l pb0 mb0">2. Yes, think about monetisation and other advanced features, but maintain ecosystem compatibility at all costs</h3>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><a href="/home/2020/07/29/improving_rss">When I suggested three improvements to RSS last year</a>, I highlighted (a) onboarding; (b) the money thing; and (c) discovery.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><em>The money thing:</em> In the Substack era of writers monetising their content, and with Apple and Spotify both giving podcasts a revenue model, it is absolutely the right thing to be considering how to extend RSS with a great premium experience, which means ways to pay, and also private feeds.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><em>(Jay Springett also makes the connection between <a href="https://www.thejaymo.net/2021/05/23/197-rss-revival/">Google, RSS, and payments</a> and points out that this, strategically, a good way for Google to index content that will shortly be hidden behind a paywall.)</em></p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">There’s a BUT…</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Remember that the reason RSS is here <em>at all</em> is that it’s almost religiously backwards compatible, and incredibly open. Technically, RSS includes an extension mechanism so take advantage of that, but to succeed, any efforts needs to be on a bedrock of community collaboration and unwavering commitment to backwards compatibility, decentralised approaches, and no new points of failure (people are still angry about <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Reader">Google Reader</a> closing in 2013 and pulling the rug from many readers and publishers).</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">That said:</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Another feature area I would think about is <em>interactivity.</em> I’m fascinated with Google’s work in Gmail around “Inbox Actions” – basically the one-click buttons to perform an email action like RSVP, or reviewing a bug. <a href="https://postmarkapp.com/guides/improve-your-transactional-emails-with-gmail-inbox-actions">Here’s an explainer with some examples.</a></p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Let’s call it <em>Feed Actions.</em> Feed Actions could also be an RSS extension. <a href="http://berglondon.com/talks/plastic/?slide=23">Here’s a mockup I made for a talk in 2008.</a> What a gift it would be to the web, to provide an open, centralised way to combine all the different micro-task inboxes from all the apps I use, all into one place.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">GitHub should support something like this for their notifications dashboard, letting me triage issues straight from the feed; Amazon should support something like this for open orders, letting me inspect delivery status. It might be tough to get these into GMail, which is centralised, but as an open and decentralised standard? Possible.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><em>(Feed Actions would also be a good way to add an “Upgrade to premium” button.)</em></p>
<h3 class="measure f4 f3-l lh-copy black-80 pt3 pt4-l pb0 mb0">3. Internally invest in, and externally advocate for RSS</h3>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">RSS, as a mechanism to subscribe to content from websites, is still around… but my take is that it has stagnated. Given the features above (like private, personalised feeds, with a slick upsell path), it’s worth pushing the envelope with some new use cases. And, Google, start with your own products.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Like…</p>
<ul class="list ph0 ph0-ns bulleted-list">
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">What would it mean to have RSS as an output from GMail, using the “feed actions” idea above?</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Could I get my Google Analytics insights as an RSS feed?</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">How about a feed for new bookshops in my local area, from Maps?</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Allow me to include my RSS headlines in my search results knowledge panel</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><strong>A big one:</strong> how can RSS jump from the web to the app ecosystem? What would it mean for on-device Android apps to <em>also</em> publish feeds that can be read in standard newsreaders?</li>
</ul>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Mostly basic stuff but it shows commitment.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">With a seat at the table and skin in the game, bang the drum for RSS and the open web. Like I said, it’s great to see early trials of RSS in the Chrome mobile browser and, for me, that’s a promising start.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">(And if anybody from the Chrome team does run across this post, thanks for reading!)</p>
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title: Three requests for the Google Chrome team as they experiment with RSS
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<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">I’m pleased to see <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2021/05/an-experiment-in-helping-users-and-web.html">Chrome experimenting with RSS feeds</a> – and therefore possibly Google getting interested in increased RSS feed support. RSS is important! The interface is this:</p>
<ul class="list ph0 ph0-ns bulleted-list">
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">A <em>”+ Follow”</em> button will appear for sites with an RSS feed, on the mobile browser</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">The browser’s home screen will include a <em>“Following”</em> tab that shows the latest news from followed sites.</li>
</ul>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><em>(<strong>Don’t know what RSS is?</strong> RSS feeds are how you can get the latest content out of websites and into dedicated “newsreader” apps which are made for reading, with an interface a little like Facebook but totally decentralised and un-surveilled. The technology was invented in 1999, and it’s still supported by probably 30%+ sites on the web with a ton of newsreader apps… but it’s had a moribund few years. There are signs of a recent resurgence, of which this is one. RSS is also the plumbing behind podcast distribution. For me, RSS is primary way I browse the web. <a href="https://aboutfeeds.com">Want to get started? Here’s how.</a>)</em></p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">In case the Chrome team reads this, I have three requests.</p>
<h3 class="measure f4 f3-l lh-copy black-80 pt3 pt4-l pb0 mb0">1. Sweat the new user experience</h3>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Despite RSS’s strong history and continued usage, at this point I would guess that new users find it inscrutable, and it’s hard to tell whether a given site offers an RSS feed or not. Even then, the subscribing experience is not consistent.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">So, if this is going to be a success…</p>

<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Finally, recognise that the browser is not the best place read RSS feeds long term. We learnt that last time round.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">The browser is a great place to get started, but users need to graduate to something dedicated as they follow more feeds. So pave that path somehow… maybe make a user’s subscriptions available as an industry-standard OPML file, somewhere on the google.com domain? And show users how they can use that subscriptions list in any one of a whole ecosystem of newsreaders.</p>
<h3 class="measure f4 f3-l lh-copy black-80 pt3 pt4-l pb0 mb0">2. Yes, think about monetisation and other advanced features, but maintain ecosystem compatibility at all costs</h3>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><a href="/home/2020/07/29/improving_rss">When I suggested three improvements to RSS last year</a>, I highlighted (a) onboarding; (b) the money thing; and (c) discovery.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><em>The money thing:</em> In the Substack era of writers monetising their content, and with Apple and Spotify both giving podcasts a revenue model, it is absolutely the right thing to be considering how to extend RSS with a great premium experience, which means ways to pay, and also private feeds.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><em>(Jay Springett also makes the connection between <a href="https://www.thejaymo.net/2021/05/23/197-rss-revival/">Google, RSS, and payments</a> and points out that this, strategically, a good way for Google to index content that will shortly be hidden behind a paywall.)</em></p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">There’s a BUT…</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Remember that the reason RSS is here <em>at all</em> is that it’s almost religiously backwards compatible, and incredibly open. Technically, RSS includes an extension mechanism so take advantage of that, but to succeed, any efforts needs to be on a bedrock of community collaboration and unwavering commitment to backwards compatibility, decentralised approaches, and no new points of failure (people are still angry about <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Reader">Google Reader</a> closing in 2013 and pulling the rug from many readers and publishers).</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">That said:</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Another feature area I would think about is <em>interactivity.</em> I’m fascinated with Google’s work in Gmail around “Inbox Actions” – basically the one-click buttons to perform an email action like RSVP, or reviewing a bug. <a href="https://postmarkapp.com/guides/improve-your-transactional-emails-with-gmail-inbox-actions">Here’s an explainer with some examples.</a></p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Let’s call it <em>Feed Actions.</em> Feed Actions could also be an RSS extension. <a href="http://berglondon.com/talks/plastic/?slide=23">Here’s a mockup I made for a talk in 2008.</a> What a gift it would be to the web, to provide an open, centralised way to combine all the different micro-task inboxes from all the apps I use, all into one place.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">GitHub should support something like this for their notifications dashboard, letting me triage issues straight from the feed; Amazon should support something like this for open orders, letting me inspect delivery status. It might be tough to get these into GMail, which is centralised, but as an open and decentralised standard? Possible.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><em>(Feed Actions would also be a good way to add an “Upgrade to premium” button.)</em></p>
<h3 class="measure f4 f3-l lh-copy black-80 pt3 pt4-l pb0 mb0">3. Internally invest in, and externally advocate for RSS</h3>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">RSS, as a mechanism to subscribe to content from websites, is still around… but my take is that it has stagnated. Given the features above (like private, personalised feeds, with a slick upsell path), it’s worth pushing the envelope with some new use cases. And, Google, start with your own products.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Like…</p>
<ul class="list ph0 ph0-ns bulleted-list">
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">What would it mean to have RSS as an output from GMail, using the “feed actions” idea above?</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Could I get my Google Analytics insights as an RSS feed?</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">How about a feed for new bookshops in my local area, from Maps?</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Allow me to include my RSS headlines in my search results knowledge panel</li>
<li class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80"><strong>A big one:</strong> how can RSS jump from the web to the app ecosystem? What would it mean for on-device Android apps to <em>also</em> publish feeds that can be read in standard newsreaders?</li>
</ul>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">Mostly basic stuff but it shows commitment.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">With a seat at the table and skin in the game, bang the drum for RSS and the open web. Like I said, it’s great to see early trials of RSS in the Chrome mobile browser and, for me, that’s a promising start.</p>
<p class="measure-wide f6 f5-l lh-copy black-80">(And if anybody from the Chrome team does run across this post, thanks for reading!)</p>
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<p>Petit récapitulatif pour moi-même de la controverse qui agite la version francophone de Wikipédia et ses communautés. Bien que j’aimerai écrire plus longuement sur le sujet, je n’ai pas la bande passante nocturne pour le faire encore moins diurne. Je travaille de façon ouverte en espérant que les esprits refroidis retrouveront un brin de lucidité. Wikipédia est un projet important, chacun y contribue à sa manière, j’essaie de poser quelques bases pour éventuellement développer plus en détails certains points à l’avenir. Une note de synthèse en quelques sortes.</p>

<h2 id="iels-sont-pertinent-e-s-et-écrivement-mieux-que-moi">iels sont pertinent·e·s et écrivement mieux que moi</h2>

<h2 id="le-sondage">le sondage</h2>

<p>Le 12 février 2024 des contributeur.ice.s de la version francophone de Wikipédia ouvrent <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans" rel="nofollow">un sondage titré « Mention du nom de naissance pour les personnes trans »</a> pour prendre la température concernant les conventions éditoriales concernant la mention du dead-name des personnes transexuelles. La problématique est principalement les personnes dont la transition aurait eu lieu après une phase de notoriété. Cela fait suite à une <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bibliobs/20221013.OBS64554/nous-denoncons-le-traitement-que-reserve-wikipedia-aux-personnes-trans-non-binaires-et-intersexes.html" rel="nofollow">tribune datant de 2022 dans l’Obs</a> réunissant un nombre considérable de personnalités du monde culturel dénonçant le manque d’égard généralisé du site pour le respect de personnes.</p>

<p>Le sondage en question nécessite une lecture attentive d’une longue page et les modalités de participation ne sont pas simples à comprendre tant au niveau intellectuel qu’ergonomique. Il y a 6 questions et il faut aller éditer plusieurs champs textes dans un slalom d’avis plus ou moins digeste avec parfois une forme de violence écrite. La seule condition explicite est d’avoir au moins 50 contributions sur les pages d’article de Wikipédia et donc en ne comptant pas les pages de discussion ou les pages d’utilisateur·ice·s.</p>

<p>On peut aussi remarquer que <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans/Archives_pr%C3%A9paration" rel="nofollow">la préparation du sondage</a> n’a pas été vraiment fluide et que la question de sa publicité était déjà problématique. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Convention_de_style_sur_la_transidentit%C3%A9" rel="nofollow">Une tentative précédente de sondage</a> avait déjà eu lieu et mobilisé une discussion qui dura plus d’un an et demi pour finalement avorter.</p>

<p>Dans la terminologie de Wikipédia, les contributeur·ice·s distinguent un sondage qui est informatif et une <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision" rel="nofollow">prise de décision</a>.</p>

<h2 id="la-controverse">la controverse</h2>

<p>La question intéressante pourrait être comment trouver des conventions techniques et rédactionnelles pour sortir concilier respect des personnes et encyclopédisme sans sacrifier aucun des deux ? Cette dernière notion est loin d’être figée et le degré zéro serait de se contenter d’être une succursale de l’état civil. C’est un moment important, car cela nécessite un vrai travail de concertation et de créativité. Cependant le débat n’est pas vraiment posé dans ce cadre, mais dans une attitude indélicate et feignante.</p>

<p><a href="https://eldritch.cafe/@Sinkra/111918077592366525" rel="nofollow">Sinkra: “Si vous avez un compte Wikipédia avec au moins 50…” – Eldritch Café</a></p>

<p>La controverse n’a d’ailleurs pas du tout lieu sur ces questions, mais sur la diffusion du sondage sur des réseaux sociaux, notamment le fediverse dans sa variante mastodon. Cela va créer un afflux, à vue de nez, d’une trentaine de votes alors qu’on peut compter plus de 300 participants au total.</p>

<p><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans" rel="nofollow">Discussion Wikipédia:Sondage/Mention du nom de naissance pour les personnes trans — Wikipédia</a></p>

<p>Des personnes concerné.e.s par le sujet vont souligner dans la page de discussion du sondage leur malaise ainsi que la violence par maladresse de la démarche et des formulations. On peut considérer qu’il y a une forme de transphobie à ne pas inclure, comme dans « inclusif », proactivement des personnes sensibles à ces questions ou bien même à se sensibiliser soi-même ou collectivement avant d’entreprendre un sondage public. Demander de l’aide, c’est un savoir-être. À partir de ce moment, la page de discussion part dans tous les sens. On assiste surtout à une chambre d’écho d’un petit nombre de contributeur·ice·s que l’on pourrait qualifier de piliers de comptoir qui vont s’autoconvaincre qu’un signal d’alerte est une forme de déstabilisation frisant la cyberattaque par une puissance étrangère. Il y a ce genre de choses sur les Wikipedia, c’est un sujet sérieux, mais dans l’instant, c’est proprement surréaliste. La page discussion contient tous les éléments de langage permettant de s’autopersuader que le problème n’est pas le sondage, mais ceux qui le critiquent. C’est tout un florilège de mantras et de formules vide de sens comme « Wikipédia n’est pas un projet politique » ; il y a bien une page wikipedia sur le sujet mais elle est loin d’être aussi simpliste que cette formulation. Le but ici n’est pas non plus de faire un inventaire des biais de la communauté ayant le monopole de la parole.</p>

<p><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bulletin_des_administrateurs/2024/Semaine_7#Violation_de_WP:PANTIN_pour_peser_sur_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9ditorial_:_%C2%AB_Vote_coll%C3%A9gial_structur%C3%A9_pour_y_voir_plus_clair_%C2%BB" rel="nofollow">Wikipédia:Bulletin des administrateurs/2024/Semaine 7 — Wikipédia</a></p>

<p>Le 19 février, 7 jours plus tard donc, une procédure de blocage est ouverte en ciblant plusieurs personnes ayant partagé le lien vers le sondage ou ayant participé aux discussions dans le « bulletin des administrateurs », la page de travail des administrateurs. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Administrateur" rel="nofollow">Les administrateurs</a> sont des contributeur·ice·s reconnu·e·s par les autres comme méritant des droits d’instances pour fluidifier la collaboration autour du projet. Cela, c’est la théorie. Dans les faits, il y a une visible dérive de certain·e·s vers un rôle judiciaire entre juge et flic.</p>

<p>Le 23 février, plusieurs personnes sont ainsi <del>bannies</del> bloquées de façon indéfinie. Parmi celles-ci se retrouve <a href="https://write.apreslanu.it/@/Pandora@eldritch.cafe" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow">@<span>Pandora@eldritch.cafe</span></a> pour avoir fait valoir sa voix de concernée et chercher à défendre une meilleure inclusivité dans la consultation. <a href="https://write.apreslanu.it/@/MarcBrillault@eldritch.cafe" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow">@<span>MarcBrillault@eldritch.cafe</span></a> est également bloquée de façon indéfinie pour avoir alerté avec beaucoup de patience. Sur fond de rancune de longue date contre le projet <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_sans_pagEs" rel="nofollow">Les sans pagEs</a>, <a href="https://write.apreslanu.it/@/Sinkra@eldritch.cafe" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow">@<span>Sinkra@eldritch.cafe</span></a> se fera bloquer 3 jours. Un <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Blocage_en_%C3%A9criture" rel="nofollow">blocage</a> signifie l’impossibilité d’écrire sur une page quelconque mettant ainsi fin de façon brutale à la discussion. Les votes comptent au maximum 23 participations. S'il y a un article journalistique à écrire, cela sera un très bon début d'aller recueillir leur témoignage.</p>

<p><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans/Tableau_vote_et_nombre_de_contributions" rel="nofollow">Wikipédia:Sondage/Mention du nom de naissance pour les personnes trans/Tableau vote et nombre de contributions — Wikipédia</a></p>

<p>La situation est telle que des contributeur.ice.s ont eu la bonne idée (sarcasme) de faire liste des participant·e·s du sondage ayant moins de 1 000 votes et moins de 50 votes. La page de discussion du sondage s’étale également en palabre pour savoir si ces contributions doivent être depuis leur inscription, les deux dernières années ou en 2024. À un moment donné, les noms des comptes étaient indiqués avant <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans/Tableau_vote_et_nombre_de_contributions&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=212516609" rel="nofollow">un rétropédalage de bon sens</a>. De la bonne surveillance.</p>

<h2 id="quelques-lectures-intéressantes">quelques lectures intéressantes</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:R%C3%A8gles_et_recommandations" rel="nofollow">Wikipédia:Règles et recommandations — Wikipédia</a>. L’état d’esprit de contribution est largement plus flexible que ce que laisseraient penser les comportements d’une poignée d’individus. En parcourant les pages « méta » de Wikipedia sur Wikipedia, on retrouve un discours beaucoup plus nuancé et ouvert.</li>
<li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Ce_que_Wikip%C3%A9dia_n%27est_pas#Une_bureaucratie" rel="nofollow">Wikipédia n’est pas : une bureaucratie</a>. Tout cela me laissait avec une impression d’articulation entre une hiérarchie formalisée et informelle (le prestige du nombre de contributions par exemple). Encore une fois, je suis content de voir que le but est avant tout la collaboration, le travail ensemble, plutôt qu’une vision rigoriste de règles gravées dans le marbre. Bien entendu, il y a le texte et la réalité des pratiques.</li></ul>

<h2 id="les-articles-que-je-n-écrirai-pas">les articles que je n’écrirai pas</h2>
<ul><li>Un état de l’art actualisé de la littérature académique sur le sujet ou au moins un feed des articles concernant les projets Wikipédia. Il y a par exemple, une section « recent research » dans <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost" rel="nofollow">The Signpost</a>, le bulletin sur l’actualité du projet anglophone.</li>
<li>La manifestation du pouvoir et de l'autorité dans les partiques communautaires en ligne.</li>
<li>La majorité silencieuse des administrateur·ice·s de Wikipedia.</li>
<li>Wikipedia français ou francophone ? Dans les faits, il y a tout un travail d’élargir le contenu pour échapper à l’inertie de la masse française du réseau francophone. C’est loin d’être une évidence et cela apparaît dans [le bistrot], le principal espace de bavardage interne.</li>
<li>Bénévolat, travail gratuit et comportements dans les communautés web.</li>
<li>La notion d’espace public au regard des projets Wikipédia.</li>
<li>Est-ce que Wikipédia doit bénéficier d’une forme d’exception ?</li>
<li>Sagesse des foules, intelligence collective, auto-organisation, ces concepts qui traversent et motivent les communautés de Wikipedia.</li>
<li>Des outils communautaires pour mieux se comprendre. Réactiver mes travaux sur les analyses de textes et de réseaux autour de Wikipedia. Il y a des personnes comme <a href="https://write.apreslanu.it/@/pac2@wikis.world" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow">@<span>pac2@wikis.world</span></a> qui fait déjà <a href="https://observablehq.com/@pac02" rel="nofollow">un travail considérable sur observable</a>.</li></ul>
</article>


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title: Wikipédia ou la désillusion de l’intelligence collective
url: https://write.apreslanu.it/tk/wikipedia-ou-la-desillusion-de-lintelligence-collective
hash_url: 71d5226ddc436248164884b12f15ed42
archive_date: 2024-03-01
og_image: https://write.apreslanu.it/img/avatars/c.png
description: Petit récapitulatif pour moi-même de la controverse qui agite la version francophone de Wikipédia et ses communautés. Bien que j’aimerai ...
favicon: https://write.apreslanu.it/favicon.ico
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<p>Petit récapitulatif pour moi-même de la controverse qui agite la version francophone de Wikipédia et ses communautés. Bien que j’aimerai écrire plus longuement sur le sujet, je n’ai pas la bande passante nocturne pour le faire encore moins diurne. Je travaille de façon ouverte en espérant que les esprits refroidis retrouveront un brin de lucidité. Wikipédia est un projet important, chacun y contribue à sa manière, j’essaie de poser quelques bases pour éventuellement développer plus en détails certains points à l’avenir. Une note de synthèse en quelques sortes.</p>

<h2 id="iels-sont-pertinent-e-s-et-écrivement-mieux-que-moi">iels sont pertinent·e·s et écrivement mieux que moi</h2>


<h2 id="le-sondage">le sondage</h2>

<p>Le 12 février 2024 des contributeur.ice.s de la version francophone de Wikipédia ouvrent <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans" rel="nofollow">un sondage titré « Mention du nom de naissance pour les personnes trans »</a> pour prendre la température concernant les conventions éditoriales concernant la mention du dead-name des personnes transexuelles. La problématique est principalement les personnes dont la transition aurait eu lieu après une phase de notoriété. Cela fait suite à une <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bibliobs/20221013.OBS64554/nous-denoncons-le-traitement-que-reserve-wikipedia-aux-personnes-trans-non-binaires-et-intersexes.html" rel="nofollow">tribune datant de 2022 dans l’Obs</a> réunissant un nombre considérable de personnalités du monde culturel dénonçant le manque d’égard généralisé du site pour le respect de personnes.</p>

<p>Le sondage en question nécessite une lecture attentive d’une longue page et les modalités de participation ne sont pas simples à comprendre tant au niveau intellectuel qu’ergonomique. Il y a 6 questions et il faut aller éditer plusieurs champs textes dans un slalom d’avis plus ou moins digeste avec parfois une forme de violence écrite. La seule condition explicite est d’avoir au moins 50 contributions sur les pages d’article de Wikipédia et donc en ne comptant pas les pages de discussion ou les pages d’utilisateur·ice·s.</p>

<p>On peut aussi remarquer que <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans/Archives_pr%C3%A9paration" rel="nofollow">la préparation du sondage</a> n’a pas été vraiment fluide et que la question de sa publicité était déjà problématique. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Convention_de_style_sur_la_transidentit%C3%A9" rel="nofollow">Une tentative précédente de sondage</a> avait déjà eu lieu et mobilisé une discussion qui dura plus d’un an et demi pour finalement avorter.</p>

<p>Dans la terminologie de Wikipédia, les contributeur·ice·s distinguent un sondage qui est informatif et une <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision" rel="nofollow">prise de décision</a>.</p>

<h2 id="la-controverse">la controverse</h2>

<p>La question intéressante pourrait être comment trouver des conventions techniques et rédactionnelles pour sortir concilier respect des personnes et encyclopédisme sans sacrifier aucun des deux ? Cette dernière notion est loin d’être figée et le degré zéro serait de se contenter d’être une succursale de l’état civil. C’est un moment important, car cela nécessite un vrai travail de concertation et de créativité. Cependant le débat n’est pas vraiment posé dans ce cadre, mais dans une attitude indélicate et feignante.</p>

<p><a href="https://eldritch.cafe/@Sinkra/111918077592366525" rel="nofollow">Sinkra: “Si vous avez un compte Wikipédia avec au moins 50…” – Eldritch Café</a></p>

<p>La controverse n’a d’ailleurs pas du tout lieu sur ces questions, mais sur la diffusion du sondage sur des réseaux sociaux, notamment le fediverse dans sa variante mastodon. Cela va créer un afflux, à vue de nez, d’une trentaine de votes alors qu’on peut compter plus de 300 participants au total.</p>

<p><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans" rel="nofollow">Discussion Wikipédia:Sondage/Mention du nom de naissance pour les personnes trans — Wikipédia</a></p>

<p>Des personnes concerné.e.s par le sujet vont souligner dans la page de discussion du sondage leur malaise ainsi que la violence par maladresse de la démarche et des formulations. On peut considérer qu’il y a une forme de transphobie à ne pas inclure, comme dans « inclusif », proactivement des personnes sensibles à ces questions ou bien même à se sensibiliser soi-même ou collectivement avant d’entreprendre un sondage public. Demander de l’aide, c’est un savoir-être. À partir de ce moment, la page de discussion part dans tous les sens. On assiste surtout à une chambre d’écho d’un petit nombre de contributeur·ice·s que l’on pourrait qualifier de piliers de comptoir qui vont s’autoconvaincre qu’un signal d’alerte est une forme de déstabilisation frisant la cyberattaque par une puissance étrangère. Il y a ce genre de choses sur les Wikipedia, c’est un sujet sérieux, mais dans l’instant, c’est proprement surréaliste. La page discussion contient tous les éléments de langage permettant de s’autopersuader que le problème n’est pas le sondage, mais ceux qui le critiquent. C’est tout un florilège de mantras et de formules vide de sens comme « Wikipédia n’est pas un projet politique » ; il y a bien une page wikipedia sur le sujet mais elle est loin d’être aussi simpliste que cette formulation. Le but ici n’est pas non plus de faire un inventaire des biais de la communauté ayant le monopole de la parole.</p>

<p><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bulletin_des_administrateurs/2024/Semaine_7#Violation_de_WP:PANTIN_pour_peser_sur_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9ditorial_:_%C2%AB_Vote_coll%C3%A9gial_structur%C3%A9_pour_y_voir_plus_clair_%C2%BB" rel="nofollow">Wikipédia:Bulletin des administrateurs/2024/Semaine 7 — Wikipédia</a></p>

<p>Le 19 février, 7 jours plus tard donc, une procédure de blocage est ouverte en ciblant plusieurs personnes ayant partagé le lien vers le sondage ou ayant participé aux discussions dans le « bulletin des administrateurs », la page de travail des administrateurs. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Administrateur" rel="nofollow">Les administrateurs</a> sont des contributeur·ice·s reconnu·e·s par les autres comme méritant des droits d’instances pour fluidifier la collaboration autour du projet. Cela, c’est la théorie. Dans les faits, il y a une visible dérive de certain·e·s vers un rôle judiciaire entre juge et flic.</p>

<p>Le 23 février, plusieurs personnes sont ainsi <del>bannies</del> bloquées de façon indéfinie. Parmi celles-ci se retrouve <a href="https://write.apreslanu.it/@/Pandora@eldritch.cafe" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow">@<span>Pandora@eldritch.cafe</span></a> pour avoir fait valoir sa voix de concernée et chercher à défendre une meilleure inclusivité dans la consultation. <a href="https://write.apreslanu.it/@/MarcBrillault@eldritch.cafe" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow">@<span>MarcBrillault@eldritch.cafe</span></a> est également bloquée de façon indéfinie pour avoir alerté avec beaucoup de patience. Sur fond de rancune de longue date contre le projet <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_sans_pagEs" rel="nofollow">Les sans pagEs</a>, <a href="https://write.apreslanu.it/@/Sinkra@eldritch.cafe" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow">@<span>Sinkra@eldritch.cafe</span></a> se fera bloquer 3 jours. Un <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Blocage_en_%C3%A9criture" rel="nofollow">blocage</a> signifie l’impossibilité d’écrire sur une page quelconque mettant ainsi fin de façon brutale à la discussion. Les votes comptent au maximum 23 participations. S'il y a un article journalistique à écrire, cela sera un très bon début d'aller recueillir leur témoignage.</p>

<p><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans/Tableau_vote_et_nombre_de_contributions" rel="nofollow">Wikipédia:Sondage/Mention du nom de naissance pour les personnes trans/Tableau vote et nombre de contributions — Wikipédia</a></p>

<p>La situation est telle que des contributeur.ice.s ont eu la bonne idée (sarcasme) de faire liste des participant·e·s du sondage ayant moins de 1 000 votes et moins de 50 votes. La page de discussion du sondage s’étale également en palabre pour savoir si ces contributions doivent être depuis leur inscription, les deux dernières années ou en 2024. À un moment donné, les noms des comptes étaient indiqués avant <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sondage/Mention_du_nom_de_naissance_pour_les_personnes_trans/Tableau_vote_et_nombre_de_contributions&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=212516609" rel="nofollow">un rétropédalage de bon sens</a>. De la bonne surveillance.</p>

<h2 id="quelques-lectures-intéressantes">quelques lectures intéressantes</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:R%C3%A8gles_et_recommandations" rel="nofollow">Wikipédia:Règles et recommandations — Wikipédia</a>. L’état d’esprit de contribution est largement plus flexible que ce que laisseraient penser les comportements d’une poignée d’individus. En parcourant les pages « méta » de Wikipedia sur Wikipedia, on retrouve un discours beaucoup plus nuancé et ouvert.</li>
<li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Ce_que_Wikip%C3%A9dia_n%27est_pas#Une_bureaucratie" rel="nofollow">Wikipédia n’est pas : une bureaucratie</a>. Tout cela me laissait avec une impression d’articulation entre une hiérarchie formalisée et informelle (le prestige du nombre de contributions par exemple). Encore une fois, je suis content de voir que le but est avant tout la collaboration, le travail ensemble, plutôt qu’une vision rigoriste de règles gravées dans le marbre. Bien entendu, il y a le texte et la réalité des pratiques.</li></ul>

<h2 id="les-articles-que-je-n-écrirai-pas">les articles que je n’écrirai pas</h2>
<ul><li>Un état de l’art actualisé de la littérature académique sur le sujet ou au moins un feed des articles concernant les projets Wikipédia. Il y a par exemple, une section « recent research » dans <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost" rel="nofollow">The Signpost</a>, le bulletin sur l’actualité du projet anglophone.</li>
<li>La manifestation du pouvoir et de l'autorité dans les partiques communautaires en ligne.</li>
<li>La majorité silencieuse des administrateur·ice·s de Wikipedia.</li>
<li>Wikipedia français ou francophone ? Dans les faits, il y a tout un travail d’élargir le contenu pour échapper à l’inertie de la masse française du réseau francophone. C’est loin d’être une évidence et cela apparaît dans [le bistrot], le principal espace de bavardage interne.</li>
<li>Bénévolat, travail gratuit et comportements dans les communautés web.</li>
<li>La notion d’espace public au regard des projets Wikipédia.</li>
<li>Est-ce que Wikipédia doit bénéficier d’une forme d’exception ?</li>
<li>Sagesse des foules, intelligence collective, auto-organisation, ces concepts qui traversent et motivent les communautés de Wikipedia.</li>
<li>Des outils communautaires pour mieux se comprendre. Réactiver mes travaux sur les analyses de textes et de réseaux autour de Wikipedia. Il y a des personnes comme <a href="https://write.apreslanu.it/@/pac2@wikis.world" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow">@<span>pac2@wikis.world</span></a> qui fait déjà <a href="https://observablehq.com/@pac02" rel="nofollow">un travail considérable sur observable</a>.</li></ul>

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<h1>RSS 2.0 Specification</h1>
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<h3>RSS 2.0 Specification</h3>

<p class="fineprint">Editor's Note: This is the current version of the RSS 2.0 specification, published by the RSS Advisory Board on March 30, 2009 as version 2.0.11. The current version of the RSS spec will always be available at <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification">this link</a>, all changes have been <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-change-notes">logged</a> and <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-history">other revisions</a> have been archived.</p>

<h4>Contents</h4>

<h4>What is RSS?<a name="whatIsRss"></a> <a href="#whatIsRss" title="What is RSS?"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>RSS is a Web content syndication format.</p>

<p>Its name is an acronym for <i><b>R</b>eally <b>S</b>imple <b>S</b>yndication.</i></p>

<p>RSS is a dialect of XML. All RSS files must conform to the XML 1.0 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">specification</a>, as published on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) website.</p>

<p>A summary of <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-history">RSS version history</a>.</p>

<p>At the top level, a RSS document is a &lt;rss&gt; element, with a mandatory attribute called version, that specifies the version of RSS that the document conforms to. If it conforms to this specification, the version attribute must be 2.0.</p>

<p>Subordinate to the &lt;rss&gt; element is a single &lt;channel&gt; element, which contains information about the channel (metadata) and its contents.</p>

<h4>Sample files<a name="sampleFiles"></a> <a href="#sampleFiles" title="Sample files"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>Here are sample files for: RSS <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/files/sample-rss-091.xml">0.91</a>, <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/files/sample-rss-092.xml">0.92</a> and <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/files/sample-rss-2.xml">2.0</a>.</p>

<p>Note that the sample files may point to documents and services that no longer exist. The 0.91 sample was created when the 0.91 docs were written. Maintaining a trail of samples seems like a good idea.</p>

<h4>About this document<a name="aboutThisDocument"></a> <a href="#aboutThisDocument" title="About this document"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p><img src="images/flowers.gif" border="0" align="right" hspace="15" vspace="5" alt="A bouquet of flowers, the symbol of RSS 2.0">This document represents the current status of RSS, incorporating all changes and additions starting with the basic spec for <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-0-9-1">RSS 0.91</a> (June 2000) and follows <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-0-9-2">RSS 0.92</a> (December 2000), <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-2-0">RSS 2.0</a> (August 2002), and <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-2-0-1">RSS 2.0.1</a> (July 2003). Change notes are <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-change-notes">here</a>.</p>

<p>First we document the required and optional sub-elements of &lt;channel&gt;; and then document the sub-elements of &lt;item&gt;. The final sections answer frequently asked questions, and provide a roadmap for future evolution, and guidelines for extending RSS.</p>

<p>The <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-profile">RSS Profile</a> contains a set of recommendations for how to create RSS documents that work best in the wide and diverse audience of client software that supports the format.</p>

<p>RSS documents can be tested for validity in the <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-validator/">RSS Validator</a>.</p>

<h4>Required channel elements<a name="requiredChannelElements"></a> <a href="#requiredChannelElements" title="Required channel elements"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>Here's a list of the required channel elements, each with a brief description, an example, and where available, a pointer to a more complete description.</p>

<table class="table" cellspacing="10">
<tr valign="top"><td>Element</td><td>Description</td><td>Example</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">title</span></td><td>The name of the channel. It's how people refer to your service. If you have an HTML website that contains the same information as your RSS file, the title of your channel should be the same as the title of your website.</td><td class="examplecell">GoUpstate.com News Headlines</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">link</span></td><td>The URL to the HTML website corresponding to the channel.</td><td class="examplecell">http://www.goupstate.com/</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">description</span></td><td>Phrase or sentence describing the channel.</td><td class="examplecell">The latest news from GoUpstate.com, a Spartanburg Herald-Journal Web site.</td></tr>
</table>

<h4>Optional channel elements<a name="optionalChannelElements"></a> <a href="#optionalChannelElements" title="Optional channel elements"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>Here's a list of optional channel elements.</p>

<table class="table" cellspacing="10">
<tr valign="top"><td>Element</td><td>Description</td><td>Example</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">language</span></td><td>The language the channel is written in. This allows aggregators to group all Italian language sites, for example, on a single page. A list of allowable values for this element, as provided by Netscape, is <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-language-codes">here</a>. You may also use <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/dirlang.html#langcodes">values defined</a> by the W3C.</td><td class="examplecell">en-us</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">copyright</span></td><td>Copyright notice for content in the channel.</td><td class="examplecell">Copyright 2002, Spartanburg Herald-Journal</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">managingEditor</span></td><td>Email address for person responsible for editorial content.</td><td class="examplecell">geo@herald.com (George Matesky)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">webMaster</span></td><td>Email address for person responsible for technical issues relating to channel.</td><td class="examplecell">betty@herald.com (Betty Guernsey)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">pubDate</span></td><td>The publication date for the content in the channel. For example, the <i>New York Times</i> publishes on a daily basis, the publication date flips once every 24 hours. That's when the pubDate of the channel changes. All date-times in RSS conform to the Date and Time Specification of <a href="http://asg.web.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a>, with the exception that the year may be expressed with two characters or four characters (four preferred).</td><td class="examplecell">Sat, 07 Sep 2002 00:00:01 GMT</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">lastBuildDate</span></td><td>The last time the content of the channel changed.</td><td class="examplecell">Sat, 07 Sep 2002 09:42:31 GMT</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">category</span></td><td>Specify one or more categories that the channel belongs to. Follows the same rules as the &lt;item&gt;-level <a href="#ltcategorygtSubelementOfLtitemgt">category</a> element. More <a href="#syndic8">info</a>.</td><td class="examplecell">&lt;category&gt;Newspapers&lt;/category&gt;</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">generator</span></td><td>A string indicating the program used to generate the channel.</td><td class="examplecell">MightyInHouse Content System v2.3</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">docs</span></td><td>A URL that points to the <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification">documentation</a> for the format used in the RSS file. It's probably a pointer to this page. It's for people who might stumble across an RSS file on a Web server 25 years from now and wonder what it is.</td><td class="examplecell">https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">cloud</span></td><td>Allows processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds. More info <a href="#ltcloudgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt">here</a>.</td><td class="examplecell">&lt;cloud domain="rpc.sys.com" port="80" path="/RPC2" registerProcedure="pingMe" protocol="soap"/&gt;</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">ttl</span></td><td>ttl stands for time to live. It's a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. More info <a href="#ltttlgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt">here</a>.</td><td class="examplecell">&lt;ttl&gt;60&lt;/ttl&gt;</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">image</span></td><td>Specifies a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that can be displayed with the channel. More info <a href="#ltimagegtSubelementOfLtchannelgt">here</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">rating</span></td><td>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/PICS/">PICS</a> rating for the channel.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">textInput</span></td><td>Specifies a text input box that can be displayed with the channel. More info <a href="#lttextinputgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt">here</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">skipHours</span></td><td>A hint for aggregators telling them which hours they can skip. This element contains up to 24 &lt;hour&gt; sub-elements whose value is a number between 0 and 23, representing a time in GMT, when aggregators, if they support the feature, may not read the channel on hours listed in the &lt;skipHours&gt; element. The hour beginning at midnight is hour zero.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">skipDays</span></td><td>A hint for aggregators telling them which days they can skip. This element contains up to seven &lt;day&gt; sub-elements whose value is Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday or Sunday. Aggregators may not read the channel during days listed in the &lt;skipDays&gt; element.</td><td></td></tr>
</table>

<h5>&lt;image&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;<a name="ltimagegtSubelementOfLtchannelgt"></a> <a href="#ltimagegtSubelementOfLtchannelgt" title="&lt;image&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;image&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;, which contains three required and three optional sub-elements.</p>

<p>&lt;url&gt; is the URL of a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that represents the channel.</p>

<p>&lt;title&gt; describes the image, it's used in the ALT attribute of the HTML &lt;img&gt; tag when the channel is rendered in HTML.</p>

<p>&lt;link&gt; is the URL of the site, when the channel is rendered, the image is a link to the site. (Note, in practice the image &lt;title&gt; and &lt;link&gt; should have the same value as the channel's &lt;title&gt; and &lt;link&gt;.</p>

<p>Optional elements include &lt;width&gt; and &lt;height&gt;, numbers, indicating the width and height of the image in pixels. &lt;description&gt; contains text that is included in the TITLE attribute of the link formed around the image in the HTML rendering.</p>

<p>Maximum value for width is 144, default value is 88.</p>

<p>Maximum value for height is 400, default value is 31.</p>

<h5>&lt;cloud&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;<a name="ltcloudgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt"></a> <a href="#ltcloudgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt" title="&lt;cloud&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;cloud&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;.</p>

<p>It specifies a web service that supports the rssCloud interface which can be implemented in HTTP-POST, XML-RPC or SOAP 1.1.</p>

<p>Its purpose is to allow processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;cloud domain="rpc.sys.com" port="80" path="/RPC2" registerProcedure="myCloud.rssPleaseNotify" protocol="xml-rpc" /&gt;</p>

<p>In this example, to request notification on the channel it appears in, you would send an XML-RPC message to rpc.sys.com on port 80, with a path of /RPC2. The procedure to call is myCloud.rssPleaseNotify.</p>

<p>A full explanation of this element and the rssCloud interface is <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rsscloud-interface">here</a>.</p>

<h5>&lt;ttl&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;<a name="ltttlgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt"></a> <a href="#ltttlgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt" title="&lt;ttl&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;ttl&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;.</p>

<p>ttl stands for time to live. It's a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. This makes it possible for RSS sources to be managed by a file-sharing network such as Gnutella.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<p class="example">&lt;ttl&gt;60&lt;/ttl&gt;</p>

<h5>&lt;textInput&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;<a name="lttextinputgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt"></a> <a href="#lttextinputgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt" title="&lt;textInput&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>A channel may optionally contain a &lt;textInput&gt; sub-element, which contains four required sub-elements.</p>

<p>&lt;title&gt; -- The label of the Submit button in the text input area.</p>

<p>&lt;description&gt; -- Explains the text input area.</p>

<p>&lt;name&gt; -- The name of the text object in the text input area.</p>

<p>&lt;link&gt; -- The URL of the CGI script that processes text input requests.</p>

<p>The purpose of the &lt;textInput&gt; element is something of a mystery. You can use it to specify a search engine box. Or to allow a reader to provide feedback. Most aggregators ignore it.</p>

<h4>Elements of &lt;item&gt;<a name="hrelementsOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#hrelementsOfLtitemgt" title="Elements of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>A channel may contain any number of &lt;item&gt;s. An item may represent a "story" -- much like a story in a newspaper or magazine; if so its description is a synopsis of the story, and the link points to the full story. An item may also be complete in itself, if so, the description contains the text (entity-encoded HTML is allowed; see <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-encoding-examples">examples</a>), and the link and title may be omitted. All elements of an item are optional, however at least one of title or description must be present.</p>

<table class="table" cellspacing="10">
<tr valign="top"><td>Element</td><td>Description</td><td>Example</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">title</span></td><td>The title of the item.</td><td class="examplecell">Venice Film Festival Tries to Quit Sinking</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">link</span></td><td>The URL of the item.</td><td class="examplecell">http://nytimes.com/2004/12/07FEST.html</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">description</span></td><td>The item synopsis.</td><td class="examplecell">&lt;description&gt;Some of the most heated chatter at the Venice Film Festival this week was about the way that the arrival of the stars at the Palazzo del Cinema was being staged.&lt;/description&gt;</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">author</span></td><td>Email address of the author of the item. <a href="#ltauthorgtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">category</span></td><td>Includes the item in one or more categories. <a href="#ltcategorygtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">comments</span></td><td>URL of a page for comments relating to the item. <a href="#ltcommentsgtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">enclosure</span></td><td>Describes a media object that is attached to the item. <a href="#ltenclosuregtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">guid</span></td><td>A string that uniquely identifies the item. <a href="#ltguidgtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">pubDate</span></td><td>Indicates when the item was published. <a href="#ltpubdategtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">source</span></td><td>The RSS channel that the item came from. <a href="#ltsourcegtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
</table>

<h5>&lt;source&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltsourcegtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltsourcegtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;source&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;source&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>Its value is the name of the RSS channel that the item came from, derived from its &lt;title&gt;. It has one required attribute, url, which links to the XMLization of the source.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;source url="http://www.tomalak.org/links2.xml"&gt;Tomalak's Realm&lt;/source&gt;</p>

<p>The purpose of this element is to propagate credit for links, to publicize the sources of news items. It can be used in the Post command of an aggregator. It should be generated automatically when forwarding an item from an aggregator to a weblog authoring tool.</p>

<h5>&lt;enclosure&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltenclosuregtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltenclosuregtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;enclosure&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;enclosure&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>It has three required attributes. url says where the enclosure is located, length says how big it is in bytes, and type says what its type is, a standard MIME type.</p>

<p>The url must be an http url.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;enclosure url="http://www.scripting.com/mp3s/weatherReportSuite.mp3" length="12216320" type="audio/mpeg" /&gt;</p>

<p>A use-case narrative for this element is <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-enclosures-use-case">here</a>.</p>

<h5>&lt;category&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltcategorygtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltcategorygtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;category&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;category&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>It has one optional attribute, domain, a string that identifies a categorization taxonomy.</p>

<p>The value of the element is a forward-slash-separated string that identifies a hierarchic location in the indicated taxonomy. Processors may establish conventions for the interpretation of categories. Two examples are provided below:</p>

<p class="example">&lt;category&gt;Grateful Dead&lt;/category&gt;</p>

<p class="example">&lt;category domain="http://www.fool.com/cusips"&gt;MSFT&lt;/category&gt;</p>

<p>You may include as many category elements as you need to, for different domains, and to have an item cross-referenced in different parts of the same domain.</p>

<h5>&lt;pubDate&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltpubdategtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltpubdategtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;pubDate&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;pubDate&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>Its value is a <a href="http://asg.web.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc822.html">date</a>, indicating when the item was published. If it's a date in the future, aggregators may choose to not display the item until that date.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;pubDate&gt;Sun, 19 May 2002 15:21:36 GMT&lt;/pubDate&gt;</p>

<h5>&lt;guid&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltguidgtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltguidgtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;guid&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;guid&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>guid stands for globally unique identifier. It's a string that uniquely identifies the item. When present, an aggregator may choose to use this string to determine if an item is new.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;guid&gt;http://some.server.com/weblogItem3207&lt;/guid&gt;</p>

<p>There are no rules for the syntax of a guid. Aggregators must view them as a string. It's up to the source of the feed to establish the uniqueness of the string.</p>

<p>If the guid element has an attribute named isPermaLink with a value of true, the reader may assume that it is a permalink to the item, that is, a url that can be opened in a Web browser, that points to the full item described by the &lt;item&gt; element. An example:</p>

<p class="example">&lt;guid isPermaLink="true"&gt;http://inessential.com/2002/09/01.php#a2&lt;/guid&gt;</p>

<p>isPermaLink is optional, its default value is true. If its value is false, the guid may not be assumed to be a url, or a url to anything in particular.</p>

<h5>&lt;comments&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltcommentsgtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltcommentsgtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;comments&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;comments&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>If present, it is the url of the comments page for the item.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;comments&gt;http://ekzemplo.com/entry/4403/comments&lt;/comments&gt;</p>

<p>More about comments <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-weblog-comments-use-case">here</a>.</p>

<h5>&lt;author&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltauthorgtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltauthorgtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;author&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;author&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>It's the email address of the author of the item. For newspapers and magazines syndicating via RSS, the author is the person who wrote the article that the &lt;item&gt; describes. For collaborative weblogs, the author of the item might be different from the managing editor or webmaster. For a weblog authored by a single individual it would make sense to omit the &lt;author&gt; element.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;author&gt;lawyer@boyer.net (Lawyer Boyer)&lt;/author&gt;</p>

<h4>Comments<a name="comments"></a> <a href="#comments" title="Comments"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>RSS places restrictions on the first non-whitespace characters of the data in &lt;link&gt; and &lt;url&gt; elements. The data in these elements must begin with an <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes">IANA-registered</a> URI scheme, such as http://, https://, news://, mailto: and ftp://. Prior to RSS 2.0, the specification only allowed http:// and ftp://, however, in practice other URI schemes were in use by content developers and supported by aggregators. Aggregators may have limits on the URI schemes they support. Content developers should not assume that all aggregators support all schemes.</p>

<p>In RSS 0.91, various elements are restricted to 500 or 100 characters. There can be no more than 15 &lt;items&gt; in a 0.91 &lt;channel&gt;. There are no string-length or XML-level limits in RSS 0.92 and greater. Processors may impose their own limits, and generators may have preferences that say no more than a certain number of &lt;item&gt;s can appear in a channel, or that strings are limited in length.</p>

<p>In RSS 2.0, <a name="syndic8"></a>a provision is made for linking a channel to its identifier in a cataloging system, using the channel-level category feature, described above. For example, to link a channel to its Syndic8 identifier, include a category element as a sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;, with domain "Syndic8", and value the identifier for your channel in the Syndic8 database. The appropriate category element for Scripting News would be &lt;category domain="Syndic8"&gt;1765&lt;/category&gt;.</p>

<p>A frequently asked question about &lt;guid&gt;s is how do they compare to &lt;link&gt;s. Aren't they the same thing? Yes, in some content systems, and no in others. In some systems, &lt;link&gt; is a permalink to a weblog item. However, in other systems, each &lt;item&gt; is a synopsis of a longer article, &lt;link&gt; points to the article, and &lt;guid&gt; is the permalink to the weblog entry. In all cases, it's recommended that you provide the guid, and if possible make it a permalink. This enables aggregators to not repeat items, even if there have been editing changes.</p>

<p>If you have questions about the RSS 2.0 format, please post them on the <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-public">RSS-Public</a> mailing list. The list, maintained by the RSS Advisory Board, serves as a support resource for users, authors and developers who are creating and using content in the format.</p>

<h4>Extending RSS<a name="extendingRss"></a> <a href="#extendingRss" title="Extending RSS"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>RSS originated in 1999, and has strived to be a simple, easy to understand format, with relatively modest goals. After it became a popular format, developers wanted to extend it using modules defined in namespaces, as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">specified</a> by the W3C.</p>

<p>RSS 2.0 adds that capability, following a simple rule. A RSS feed may contain elements and attributes not described on this page, only if those elements and attributes are defined in a namespace.</p>

<p>The elements defined in this document are not themselves members of a namespace, so that RSS 2.0 can remain compatible with previous versions in the following sense -- a version 0.91 or 0.92 file is also a valid 2.0 file. If the elements of RSS 2.0 were in a namespace, this constraint would break, a version 0.9x file <i>would not</i> be a valid 2.0 file.</p>

<h4>Roadmap<a name="roadmap"></a> <a href="#roadmap" title="Roadmap"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>RSS is by no means a perfect format, but it is very popular and widely supported. Having a settled spec is something RSS has needed for a long time. The purpose of this work is to help it become a unchanging thing, to foster growth in the market that is developing around it, and to clear the path for innovation in new syndication formats. Therefore, the RSS spec is, for all practical purposes, frozen at version 2.0.1. We anticipate possible 2.0.2 or 2.0.3 versions, etc. only for the purpose of clarifying the specification, not for adding new features to the format. Subsequent work should happen in modules, using namespaces, and in completely new syndication formats, with new names.</p>

<h4>License and authorship<a name="licenseAndAuthorship"></a> <a href="#licenseAndAuthorship" title="License and authorship"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>
</article>


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title: RSS 2.0 Specification
url: https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification#extendingRss
hash_url: 85b765a918ef094a5a2dd13a1ff5dd7d
archive_date: 2024-03-01
og_image: https://www.rssboard.org/images/left-arrow.gif
description: The current version of the RSS 2.0 specification (2.0.11), published on March 30, 2009.
favicon: https://www.rssboard.org/favicon.ico
language: en_US

<h3>RSS 2.0 Specification</h3>

<p class="fineprint">Editor's Note: This is the current version of the RSS 2.0 specification, published by the RSS Advisory Board on March 30, 2009 as version 2.0.11. The current version of the RSS spec will always be available at <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification">this link</a>, all changes have been <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-change-notes">logged</a> and <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-history">other revisions</a> have been archived.</p>

<h4>Contents</h4>



<h4>What is RSS?<a name="whatIsRss"></a> <a href="#whatIsRss" title="What is RSS?"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>RSS is a Web content syndication format.</p>

<p>Its name is an acronym for <i><b>R</b>eally <b>S</b>imple <b>S</b>yndication.</i></p>

<p>RSS is a dialect of XML. All RSS files must conform to the XML 1.0 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">specification</a>, as published on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) website.</p>

<p>A summary of <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-history">RSS version history</a>.</p>

<p>At the top level, a RSS document is a &lt;rss&gt; element, with a mandatory attribute called version, that specifies the version of RSS that the document conforms to. If it conforms to this specification, the version attribute must be 2.0.</p>

<p>Subordinate to the &lt;rss&gt; element is a single &lt;channel&gt; element, which contains information about the channel (metadata) and its contents.</p>

<h4>Sample files<a name="sampleFiles"></a> <a href="#sampleFiles" title="Sample files"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>Here are sample files for: RSS <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/files/sample-rss-091.xml">0.91</a>, <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/files/sample-rss-092.xml">0.92</a> and <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/files/sample-rss-2.xml">2.0</a>.</p>

<p>Note that the sample files may point to documents and services that no longer exist. The 0.91 sample was created when the 0.91 docs were written. Maintaining a trail of samples seems like a good idea.</p>

<h4>About this document<a name="aboutThisDocument"></a> <a href="#aboutThisDocument" title="About this document"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p><img src="images/flowers.gif" border="0" align="right" hspace="15" vspace="5" alt="A bouquet of flowers, the symbol of RSS 2.0">This document represents the current status of RSS, incorporating all changes and additions starting with the basic spec for <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-0-9-1">RSS 0.91</a> (June 2000) and follows <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-0-9-2">RSS 0.92</a> (December 2000), <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-2-0">RSS 2.0</a> (August 2002), and <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-2-0-1">RSS 2.0.1</a> (July 2003). Change notes are <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-change-notes">here</a>.</p>

<p>First we document the required and optional sub-elements of &lt;channel&gt;; and then document the sub-elements of &lt;item&gt;. The final sections answer frequently asked questions, and provide a roadmap for future evolution, and guidelines for extending RSS.</p>

<p>The <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-profile">RSS Profile</a> contains a set of recommendations for how to create RSS documents that work best in the wide and diverse audience of client software that supports the format.</p>

<p>RSS documents can be tested for validity in the <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-validator/">RSS Validator</a>.</p>

<h4>Required channel elements<a name="requiredChannelElements"></a> <a href="#requiredChannelElements" title="Required channel elements"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>Here's a list of the required channel elements, each with a brief description, an example, and where available, a pointer to a more complete description.</p>

<table class="table" cellspacing="10">
<tr valign="top"><td>Element</td><td>Description</td><td>Example</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">title</span></td><td>The name of the channel. It's how people refer to your service. If you have an HTML website that contains the same information as your RSS file, the title of your channel should be the same as the title of your website.</td><td class="examplecell">GoUpstate.com News Headlines</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">link</span></td><td>The URL to the HTML website corresponding to the channel.</td><td class="examplecell">http://www.goupstate.com/</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">description</span></td><td>Phrase or sentence describing the channel.</td><td class="examplecell">The latest news from GoUpstate.com, a Spartanburg Herald-Journal Web site.</td></tr>
</table>

<h4>Optional channel elements<a name="optionalChannelElements"></a> <a href="#optionalChannelElements" title="Optional channel elements"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>Here's a list of optional channel elements.</p>

<table class="table" cellspacing="10">
<tr valign="top"><td>Element</td><td>Description</td><td>Example</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">language</span></td><td>The language the channel is written in. This allows aggregators to group all Italian language sites, for example, on a single page. A list of allowable values for this element, as provided by Netscape, is <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-language-codes">here</a>. You may also use <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/dirlang.html#langcodes">values defined</a> by the W3C.</td><td class="examplecell">en-us</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">copyright</span></td><td>Copyright notice for content in the channel.</td><td class="examplecell">Copyright 2002, Spartanburg Herald-Journal</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">managingEditor</span></td><td>Email address for person responsible for editorial content.</td><td class="examplecell">geo@herald.com (George Matesky)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">webMaster</span></td><td>Email address for person responsible for technical issues relating to channel.</td><td class="examplecell">betty@herald.com (Betty Guernsey)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">pubDate</span></td><td>The publication date for the content in the channel. For example, the <i>New York Times</i> publishes on a daily basis, the publication date flips once every 24 hours. That's when the pubDate of the channel changes. All date-times in RSS conform to the Date and Time Specification of <a href="http://asg.web.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a>, with the exception that the year may be expressed with two characters or four characters (four preferred).</td><td class="examplecell">Sat, 07 Sep 2002 00:00:01 GMT</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">lastBuildDate</span></td><td>The last time the content of the channel changed.</td><td class="examplecell">Sat, 07 Sep 2002 09:42:31 GMT</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">category</span></td><td>Specify one or more categories that the channel belongs to. Follows the same rules as the &lt;item&gt;-level <a href="#ltcategorygtSubelementOfLtitemgt">category</a> element. More <a href="#syndic8">info</a>.</td><td class="examplecell">&lt;category&gt;Newspapers&lt;/category&gt;</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">generator</span></td><td>A string indicating the program used to generate the channel.</td><td class="examplecell">MightyInHouse Content System v2.3</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">docs</span></td><td>A URL that points to the <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification">documentation</a> for the format used in the RSS file. It's probably a pointer to this page. It's for people who might stumble across an RSS file on a Web server 25 years from now and wonder what it is.</td><td class="examplecell">https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">cloud</span></td><td>Allows processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds. More info <a href="#ltcloudgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt">here</a>.</td><td class="examplecell">&lt;cloud domain="rpc.sys.com" port="80" path="/RPC2" registerProcedure="pingMe" protocol="soap"/&gt;</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">ttl</span></td><td>ttl stands for time to live. It's a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. More info <a href="#ltttlgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt">here</a>.</td><td class="examplecell">&lt;ttl&gt;60&lt;/ttl&gt;</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">image</span></td><td>Specifies a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that can be displayed with the channel. More info <a href="#ltimagegtSubelementOfLtchannelgt">here</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">rating</span></td><td>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/PICS/">PICS</a> rating for the channel.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">textInput</span></td><td>Specifies a text input box that can be displayed with the channel. More info <a href="#lttextinputgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt">here</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">skipHours</span></td><td>A hint for aggregators telling them which hours they can skip. This element contains up to 24 &lt;hour&gt; sub-elements whose value is a number between 0 and 23, representing a time in GMT, when aggregators, if they support the feature, may not read the channel on hours listed in the &lt;skipHours&gt; element. The hour beginning at midnight is hour zero.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">skipDays</span></td><td>A hint for aggregators telling them which days they can skip. This element contains up to seven &lt;day&gt; sub-elements whose value is Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday or Sunday. Aggregators may not read the channel during days listed in the &lt;skipDays&gt; element.</td><td></td></tr>
</table>

<h5>&lt;image&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;<a name="ltimagegtSubelementOfLtchannelgt"></a> <a href="#ltimagegtSubelementOfLtchannelgt" title="&lt;image&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;image&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;, which contains three required and three optional sub-elements.</p>

<p>&lt;url&gt; is the URL of a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that represents the channel.</p>

<p>&lt;title&gt; describes the image, it's used in the ALT attribute of the HTML &lt;img&gt; tag when the channel is rendered in HTML.</p>

<p>&lt;link&gt; is the URL of the site, when the channel is rendered, the image is a link to the site. (Note, in practice the image &lt;title&gt; and &lt;link&gt; should have the same value as the channel's &lt;title&gt; and &lt;link&gt;.</p>

<p>Optional elements include &lt;width&gt; and &lt;height&gt;, numbers, indicating the width and height of the image in pixels. &lt;description&gt; contains text that is included in the TITLE attribute of the link formed around the image in the HTML rendering.</p>

<p>Maximum value for width is 144, default value is 88.</p>

<p>Maximum value for height is 400, default value is 31.</p>

<h5>&lt;cloud&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;<a name="ltcloudgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt"></a> <a href="#ltcloudgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt" title="&lt;cloud&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;cloud&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;.</p>

<p>It specifies a web service that supports the rssCloud interface which can be implemented in HTTP-POST, XML-RPC or SOAP 1.1.</p>

<p>Its purpose is to allow processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;cloud domain="rpc.sys.com" port="80" path="/RPC2" registerProcedure="myCloud.rssPleaseNotify" protocol="xml-rpc" /&gt;</p>

<p>In this example, to request notification on the channel it appears in, you would send an XML-RPC message to rpc.sys.com on port 80, with a path of /RPC2. The procedure to call is myCloud.rssPleaseNotify.</p>

<p>A full explanation of this element and the rssCloud interface is <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rsscloud-interface">here</a>.</p>

<h5>&lt;ttl&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;<a name="ltttlgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt"></a> <a href="#ltttlgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt" title="&lt;ttl&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;ttl&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;.</p>

<p>ttl stands for time to live. It's a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. This makes it possible for RSS sources to be managed by a file-sharing network such as Gnutella.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<p class="example">&lt;ttl&gt;60&lt;/ttl&gt;</p>

<h5>&lt;textInput&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;<a name="lttextinputgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt"></a> <a href="#lttextinputgtSubelementOfLtchannelgt" title="&lt;textInput&gt; sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>A channel may optionally contain a &lt;textInput&gt; sub-element, which contains four required sub-elements.</p>

<p>&lt;title&gt; -- The label of the Submit button in the text input area.</p>

<p>&lt;description&gt; -- Explains the text input area.</p>

<p>&lt;name&gt; -- The name of the text object in the text input area.</p>

<p>&lt;link&gt; -- The URL of the CGI script that processes text input requests.</p>

<p>The purpose of the &lt;textInput&gt; element is something of a mystery. You can use it to specify a search engine box. Or to allow a reader to provide feedback. Most aggregators ignore it.</p>

<h4>Elements of &lt;item&gt;<a name="hrelementsOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#hrelementsOfLtitemgt" title="Elements of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>A channel may contain any number of &lt;item&gt;s. An item may represent a "story" -- much like a story in a newspaper or magazine; if so its description is a synopsis of the story, and the link points to the full story. An item may also be complete in itself, if so, the description contains the text (entity-encoded HTML is allowed; see <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-encoding-examples">examples</a>), and the link and title may be omitted. All elements of an item are optional, however at least one of title or description must be present.</p>

<table class="table" cellspacing="10">
<tr valign="top"><td>Element</td><td>Description</td><td>Example</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">title</span></td><td>The title of the item.</td><td class="examplecell">Venice Film Festival Tries to Quit Sinking</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">link</span></td><td>The URL of the item.</td><td class="examplecell">http://nytimes.com/2004/12/07FEST.html</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">description</span></td><td>The item synopsis.</td><td class="examplecell">&lt;description&gt;Some of the most heated chatter at the Venice Film Festival this week was about the way that the arrival of the stars at the Palazzo del Cinema was being staged.&lt;/description&gt;</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">author</span></td><td>Email address of the author of the item. <a href="#ltauthorgtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">category</span></td><td>Includes the item in one or more categories. <a href="#ltcategorygtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">comments</span></td><td>URL of a page for comments relating to the item. <a href="#ltcommentsgtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">enclosure</span></td><td>Describes a media object that is attached to the item. <a href="#ltenclosuregtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">guid</span></td><td>A string that uniquely identifies the item. <a href="#ltguidgtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">pubDate</span></td><td>Indicates when the item was published. <a href="#ltpubdategtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span class="element">source</span></td><td>The RSS channel that the item came from. <a href="#ltsourcegtSubelementOfLtitemgt">More</a>.</td><td></td></tr>
</table>

<h5>&lt;source&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltsourcegtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltsourcegtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;source&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;source&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>Its value is the name of the RSS channel that the item came from, derived from its &lt;title&gt;. It has one required attribute, url, which links to the XMLization of the source.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;source url="http://www.tomalak.org/links2.xml"&gt;Tomalak's Realm&lt;/source&gt;</p>

<p>The purpose of this element is to propagate credit for links, to publicize the sources of news items. It can be used in the Post command of an aggregator. It should be generated automatically when forwarding an item from an aggregator to a weblog authoring tool.</p>

<h5>&lt;enclosure&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltenclosuregtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltenclosuregtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;enclosure&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;enclosure&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>It has three required attributes. url says where the enclosure is located, length says how big it is in bytes, and type says what its type is, a standard MIME type.</p>

<p>The url must be an http url.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;enclosure url="http://www.scripting.com/mp3s/weatherReportSuite.mp3" length="12216320" type="audio/mpeg" /&gt;</p>

<p>A use-case narrative for this element is <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-enclosures-use-case">here</a>.</p>

<h5>&lt;category&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltcategorygtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltcategorygtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;category&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;category&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>It has one optional attribute, domain, a string that identifies a categorization taxonomy.</p>

<p>The value of the element is a forward-slash-separated string that identifies a hierarchic location in the indicated taxonomy. Processors may establish conventions for the interpretation of categories. Two examples are provided below:</p>

<p class="example">&lt;category&gt;Grateful Dead&lt;/category&gt;</p>

<p class="example">&lt;category domain="http://www.fool.com/cusips"&gt;MSFT&lt;/category&gt;</p>

<p>You may include as many category elements as you need to, for different domains, and to have an item cross-referenced in different parts of the same domain.</p>

<h5>&lt;pubDate&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltpubdategtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltpubdategtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;pubDate&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;pubDate&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>Its value is a <a href="http://asg.web.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc822.html">date</a>, indicating when the item was published. If it's a date in the future, aggregators may choose to not display the item until that date.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;pubDate&gt;Sun, 19 May 2002 15:21:36 GMT&lt;/pubDate&gt;</p>

<h5>&lt;guid&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltguidgtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltguidgtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;guid&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;guid&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>guid stands for globally unique identifier. It's a string that uniquely identifies the item. When present, an aggregator may choose to use this string to determine if an item is new.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;guid&gt;http://some.server.com/weblogItem3207&lt;/guid&gt;</p>

<p>There are no rules for the syntax of a guid. Aggregators must view them as a string. It's up to the source of the feed to establish the uniqueness of the string.</p>

<p>If the guid element has an attribute named isPermaLink with a value of true, the reader may assume that it is a permalink to the item, that is, a url that can be opened in a Web browser, that points to the full item described by the &lt;item&gt; element. An example:</p>

<p class="example">&lt;guid isPermaLink="true"&gt;http://inessential.com/2002/09/01.php#a2&lt;/guid&gt;</p>

<p>isPermaLink is optional, its default value is true. If its value is false, the guid may not be assumed to be a url, or a url to anything in particular.</p>

<h5>&lt;comments&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltcommentsgtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltcommentsgtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;comments&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;comments&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>If present, it is the url of the comments page for the item.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;comments&gt;http://ekzemplo.com/entry/4403/comments&lt;/comments&gt;</p>

<p>More about comments <a href="https://www.rssboard.org/rss-weblog-comments-use-case">here</a>.</p>

<h5>&lt;author&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;<a name="ltauthorgtSubelementOfLtitemgt"></a> <a href="#ltauthorgtSubelementOfLtitemgt" title="&lt;author&gt; sub-element of &lt;item&gt;"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h5>

<p>&lt;author&gt; is an optional sub-element of &lt;item&gt;.</p>

<p>It's the email address of the author of the item. For newspapers and magazines syndicating via RSS, the author is the person who wrote the article that the &lt;item&gt; describes. For collaborative weblogs, the author of the item might be different from the managing editor or webmaster. For a weblog authored by a single individual it would make sense to omit the &lt;author&gt; element.</p>

<p class="example">&lt;author&gt;lawyer@boyer.net (Lawyer Boyer)&lt;/author&gt;</p>

<h4>Comments<a name="comments"></a> <a href="#comments" title="Comments"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>RSS places restrictions on the first non-whitespace characters of the data in &lt;link&gt; and &lt;url&gt; elements. The data in these elements must begin with an <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes">IANA-registered</a> URI scheme, such as http://, https://, news://, mailto: and ftp://. Prior to RSS 2.0, the specification only allowed http:// and ftp://, however, in practice other URI schemes were in use by content developers and supported by aggregators. Aggregators may have limits on the URI schemes they support. Content developers should not assume that all aggregators support all schemes.</p>

<p>In RSS 0.91, various elements are restricted to 500 or 100 characters. There can be no more than 15 &lt;items&gt; in a 0.91 &lt;channel&gt;. There are no string-length or XML-level limits in RSS 0.92 and greater. Processors may impose their own limits, and generators may have preferences that say no more than a certain number of &lt;item&gt;s can appear in a channel, or that strings are limited in length.</p>

<p>In RSS 2.0, <a name="syndic8"></a>a provision is made for linking a channel to its identifier in a cataloging system, using the channel-level category feature, described above. For example, to link a channel to its Syndic8 identifier, include a category element as a sub-element of &lt;channel&gt;, with domain "Syndic8", and value the identifier for your channel in the Syndic8 database. The appropriate category element for Scripting News would be &lt;category domain="Syndic8"&gt;1765&lt;/category&gt;.</p>

<p>A frequently asked question about &lt;guid&gt;s is how do they compare to &lt;link&gt;s. Aren't they the same thing? Yes, in some content systems, and no in others. In some systems, &lt;link&gt; is a permalink to a weblog item. However, in other systems, each &lt;item&gt; is a synopsis of a longer article, &lt;link&gt; points to the article, and &lt;guid&gt; is the permalink to the weblog entry. In all cases, it's recommended that you provide the guid, and if possible make it a permalink. This enables aggregators to not repeat items, even if there have been editing changes.</p>

<p>If you have questions about the RSS 2.0 format, please post them on the <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-public">RSS-Public</a> mailing list. The list, maintained by the RSS Advisory Board, serves as a support resource for users, authors and developers who are creating and using content in the format.</p>

<h4>Extending RSS<a name="extendingRss"></a> <a href="#extendingRss" title="Extending RSS"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>RSS originated in 1999, and has strived to be a simple, easy to understand format, with relatively modest goals. After it became a popular format, developers wanted to extend it using modules defined in namespaces, as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">specified</a> by the W3C.</p>

<p>RSS 2.0 adds that capability, following a simple rule. A RSS feed may contain elements and attributes not described on this page, only if those elements and attributes are defined in a namespace.</p>

<p>The elements defined in this document are not themselves members of a namespace, so that RSS 2.0 can remain compatible with previous versions in the following sense -- a version 0.91 or 0.92 file is also a valid 2.0 file. If the elements of RSS 2.0 were in a namespace, this constraint would break, a version 0.9x file <i>would not</i> be a valid 2.0 file.</p>

<h4>Roadmap<a name="roadmap"></a> <a href="#roadmap" title="Roadmap"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

<p>RSS is by no means a perfect format, but it is very popular and widely supported. Having a settled spec is something RSS has needed for a long time. The purpose of this work is to help it become a unchanging thing, to foster growth in the market that is developing around it, and to clear the path for innovation in new syndication formats. Therefore, the RSS spec is, for all practical purposes, frozen at version 2.0.1. We anticipate possible 2.0.2 or 2.0.3 versions, etc. only for the purpose of clarifying the specification, not for adding new features to the format. Subsequent work should happen in modules, using namespaces, and in completely new syndication formats, with new names.</p>

<h4>License and authorship<a name="licenseAndAuthorship"></a> <a href="#licenseAndAuthorship" title="License and authorship"><img src="images/left-arrow.gif" border="0" alt="*"></a></h4>

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<article>
<header>
<h1>25th work anniversary</h1>
</header>
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<p>25 January 1999 was my first day at <a href="http://w3.org">W3C</a>. I was 23 years old when I started. I’ve now spent more than half my life at that. I regret nothing because I find the work I do really interesting, important, meaningful; and I don’t tire of it because I feel like there’s renewal every now and then. I’ve held many positions, worn many hats, learned a lot of things and I work with incredibly smart and dedicated people. This has been and is very rewarding.</p>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://blog.koalie.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/19990219_coralie-w3c-office.jpg" alt="Young white woman with long brown hair sitting at an office desk with a large cathode ray tube monitor, computer, papers, and a window with blinds in the background." class="wp-image-30742" srcset="https://blog.koalie.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/19990219_coralie-w3c-office.jpg 640w, https://blog.koalie.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/19990219_coralie-w3c-office-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px"><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Coralie at her desk. Photo of February 1999. Resolution of 640x480px, because: early digital cameras!</figcaption></figure></div>

<p>I selected a highlight for each year (in many cases it was hard to choose just one, so I didn’t) for a retrospective:</p>

<ul>
<li>1999: Meeting in Toronto; my first transatlantic flight</li>



<li>2000: Organized the first W3C <a href="https://www.w3.org/news-events/w3c-tpac/"><abbr title="Technical Plenary and Advisory Committee meeting">TPAC</abbr></a> in Europe: TPAC 2001, Mandelieu</li>



<li>2001: Started to code my personal website (<a href="https://www.koalie.net">koalie.net</a>)</li>



<li>2002: Training in management</li>



<li>2003: Elected staff representative (per French Labour law)</li>



<li>2004: Was asked to consider joining the W3C Comm Team</li>



<li>2005: Joined the Comm Team (half-time); became staff contact of the <a href="https://www.w3.org/2002/ab/">W3C Advisory Board</a> (a role I held for 12 years)</li>



<li>2006: Moved to Boston to work 9 months at MIT as a “Visiting Scholar”</li>



<li>2007: Handed off the management of the W3C Europe team’s travels, budgets and policies</li>



<li>2008: Joined the Comm Team full-time; organized my last big meeting: TPAC 2008 + Team Day, in Mandelieu</li>



<li>2009: Learn to edit the W3C website</li>



<li>2010: Put W3C on social media, and Tim Berners-Lee on Twitter</li>



<li>2011: Interviewed for a job elsewhere but failed after round 3</li>



<li>2012: Co-wrote the first draft of the W3C code of ethics and professional conduct</li>



<li>2013: Training in product management; First presentation in front of W3C Members (on how incubated work moves to the standardization track)</li>



<li>2014: Spearheaded “Webizen”, a first attempt to open W3C Membership to individuals; Re-elected Staff Representative</li>



<li>2015: Became Head of the W3C Comm Team</li>



<li>2016: Survived year one of the Encrypted Media Extensions public relations nightmare</li>



<li>2017: Stopped being the AB Team contact; Survived year two of EME PR nightmare</li>



<li>2018: Management of the W3C “diversity fund” to financially help people who are from under-represented communities attend TPAC; Re-elected Staff Representative</li>



<li>2019: Go-to-Market strategy for W3C’s legal entity; Narrative strategy for fundraising in the future</li>



<li>2020: <a href="https://www.w3.org/help/w3c-website-design/">W3C Website rede</a>sign project (<abbr title="request for proposals">RFP</abbr>, selection, contributions, leading)</li>



<li>2021: The “Ralph’s office zoom background” <a href="https://blog.koalie.net/2021/01/29/pranking/">prank</a>; W3C Website redesign (continued)</li>



<li>2022: Re-elected Staff Representative; Website public content re-write; second attempt to open W3C Membership to individuals; proposed W3C internal re-organization; <a href="https://blog.koalie.net/2022/12/20/burnout/">burn-out</a></li>



<li>2023: W3C Website launch; got COVID for the first time; Humane Technology Design certification; e(X)filtration of the W3C Twitter account and moved it full-time to Mastodon (an instance we operate ourselves)</li>
</ul>

<p>It is as likely as anything else that I will finish my career at the Web Consortium. I wouldn’t mind!</p>
</article>


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title: 25th work anniversary
url: https://blog.koalie.net/2024/02/29/25th-work-anniversary/
hash_url: d74f376e53fc6a1108c59b6e6fa57ba1
archive_date: 2024-03-01
og_image: https://blog.koalie.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/koalie-mit-ids-scaled.jpeg
description: 25 January 1999 was my first day at W3C. I was 23 years old when I started. I’ve now spent more than half my life at that. I regret nothing because I find the work I do really interesting, im…
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<img src="https://blog.koalie.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/koalie-mit-ids-825x510.jpeg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Two Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) identification cards on a wooden surface, with a retractable key holder. The cards show the same individual's photo and name with different expiration dates." decoding="async" fetchpriority="high">

<p>25 January 1999 was my first day at <a href="http://w3.org">W3C</a>. I was 23 years old when I started. I’ve now spent more than half my life at that. I regret nothing because I find the work I do really interesting, important, meaningful; and I don’t tire of it because I feel like there’s renewal every now and then. I’ve held many positions, worn many hats, learned a lot of things and I work with incredibly smart and dedicated people. This has been and is very rewarding.</p>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://blog.koalie.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/19990219_coralie-w3c-office.jpg" alt="Young white woman with long brown hair sitting at an office desk with a large cathode ray tube monitor, computer, papers, and a window with blinds in the background." class="wp-image-30742" srcset="https://blog.koalie.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/19990219_coralie-w3c-office.jpg 640w, https://blog.koalie.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/19990219_coralie-w3c-office-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px"><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Coralie at her desk. Photo of February 1999. Resolution of 640x480px, because: early digital cameras!</figcaption></figure></div>


<p>I selected a highlight for each year (in many cases it was hard to choose just one, so I didn’t) for a retrospective:</p>



<ul>
<li>1999: Meeting in Toronto; my first transatlantic flight</li>



<li>2000: Organized the first W3C <a href="https://www.w3.org/news-events/w3c-tpac/"><abbr title="Technical Plenary and Advisory Committee meeting">TPAC</abbr></a> in Europe: TPAC 2001, Mandelieu</li>



<li>2001: Started to code my personal website (<a href="https://www.koalie.net">koalie.net</a>)</li>



<li>2002: Training in management</li>



<li>2003: Elected staff representative (per French Labour law)</li>



<li>2004: Was asked to consider joining the W3C Comm Team</li>



<li>2005: Joined the Comm Team (half-time); became staff contact of the <a href="https://www.w3.org/2002/ab/">W3C Advisory Board</a> (a role I held for 12 years)</li>



<li>2006: Moved to Boston to work 9 months at MIT as a “Visiting Scholar”</li>



<li>2007: Handed off the management of the W3C Europe team’s travels, budgets and policies</li>



<li>2008: Joined the Comm Team full-time; organized my last big meeting: TPAC 2008 + Team Day, in Mandelieu</li>



<li>2009: Learn to edit the W3C website</li>



<li>2010: Put W3C on social media, and Tim Berners-Lee on Twitter</li>



<li>2011: Interviewed for a job elsewhere but failed after round 3</li>



<li>2012: Co-wrote the first draft of the W3C code of ethics and professional conduct</li>



<li>2013: Training in product management; First presentation in front of W3C Members (on how incubated work moves to the standardization track)</li>



<li>2014: Spearheaded “Webizen”, a first attempt to open W3C Membership to individuals; Re-elected Staff Representative</li>



<li>2015: Became Head of the W3C Comm Team</li>



<li>2016: Survived year one of the Encrypted Media Extensions public relations nightmare</li>



<li>2017: Stopped being the AB Team contact; Survived year two of EME PR nightmare</li>



<li>2018: Management of the W3C “diversity fund” to financially help people who are from under-represented communities attend TPAC; Re-elected Staff Representative</li>



<li>2019: Go-to-Market strategy for W3C’s legal entity; Narrative strategy for fundraising in the future</li>



<li>2020: <a href="https://www.w3.org/help/w3c-website-design/">W3C Website rede</a>sign project (<abbr title="request for proposals">RFP</abbr>, selection, contributions, leading)</li>



<li>2021: The “Ralph’s office zoom background” <a href="https://blog.koalie.net/2021/01/29/pranking/">prank</a>; W3C Website redesign (continued)</li>



<li>2022: Re-elected Staff Representative; Website public content re-write; second attempt to open W3C Membership to individuals; proposed W3C internal re-organization; <a href="https://blog.koalie.net/2022/12/20/burnout/">burn-out</a></li>



<li>2023: W3C Website launch; got COVID for the first time; Humane Technology Design certification; e(X)filtration of the W3C Twitter account and moved it full-time to Mastodon (an instance we operate ourselves)</li>
</ul>



<p>It is as likely as anything else that I will finish my career at the Web Consortium. I wouldn’t mind!</p>

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<article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 class="heading-element" dir="auto">Can We Get More Decentralised Than The Fediverse?</h1><a id="user-content-can-we-get-more-decentralised-than-the-fediverse" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: Can We Get More Decentralised Than The Fediverse?" href="#can-we-get-more-decentralised-than-the-fediverse"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">I guess that the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fediverse" rel="nofollow">fediverse</a> will be as decentralised as email: a bit, but not that much. Most people will be dependent on a few major hubs, some groups might have their own hubs (e.g. company email servers), personal instances will be pretty rare. This is in contrast to personal blogging, where every Bob can easily host their own (and they often do). I mean that's already implied by the name: fediverse is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_social_network#:~:text=Differences%20between%20distributed%20and%20federated%20networks,-See%20also%3A%20peer&amp;text=Both%20kind%20of%20networks%20are,has%20no%20center%20at%20all" rel="nofollow">a federated universe, not a distributed one</a>.</p>
<p dir="auto">Why does this matter? Well I like not being dependent on one entity, but I would like it much more if I was dependent on no entities at all. In other words, I like to publish my own personal blog and get all the goodies of a social network, without being dependent on other micro-blogging / social content platforms.</p>
<p dir="auto">So in this writing, I'm going to:</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>❓ Contemplate on why the fediverse gets federated not distributed <em>(spoilers: its push vs pull)</em></li>
<li>🧠 Ideate on how could we get a distributed social system <em>(spoilers: by extending RSS)</em></li>
<li>🛠️ Reflect on how would that look in practice <em>(spoilers: kinda weird, but I think doable?)</em></li>
</ul>
<br>

<p dir="auto">Ok first, what do I mean by saying "the fediverse is federated not distributed" or "its not decentralised enough"? Well I see three levels of decentralisation (relevant here):</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>🏦 Fully central, i.e. one center (e.g. twitter servers)</li>
<li>🇪🇺 Federated, i.e. multiple centers (e.g. the fediverse, email servers)</li>
<li>🏴‍☠️ Distributed, i.e. no centers (e.g. personal blogging)</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">Why does fediverse leans towards the second? Because it is a <em>push-based</em> model: You need to push your content to whomever is interested, instead of just making it available for interested people to <em>pull it on their own</em>. It is the same as email, where you (or your email server) need to deliver each email to all recipients (by talking to each of their email servers). Those email servers also need to recognise and trust you too, which makes the whole network even more <em>federated</em>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p dir="auto"><strong>💡 Example</strong></p>
<p dir="auto">Assume <strong>Bob</strong> wants to post something, <strong>Alice</strong>, <strong>Carol</strong> and <strong>Malorey</strong> would like to read it. In the fediverse (or a push-based system), the following happens:</p>
<pre><code>Bob posts, then:
Bob --[notifies]--&gt; Alice.
Bob --[notifies]--&gt; Carol.
Bob --[notifies]--&gt; Malorey.
</code></pre>
<p dir="auto">In a pull-based system, like personal blogging with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS" rel="nofollow">RSS</a> feeds, this happens instead:</p>
<pre><code>Bob posts, then:
Alice --[queries]--&gt; Bob.
Carol --[queries]--&gt; Bob.
Malorey --[queries]--&gt; Bob.
</code></pre>
</blockquote>
<p dir="auto">👆 In the pull-based system, more work in the end is required (when should <strong>Alice</strong> query <strong>Bob</strong>? Also <strong>Bob</strong> needs to respond to the query, though thats super easy as it is static responses), but the work is better distributed, lowering the maximum amount of work someone has to do (in this case, <strong>Bob</strong>). Which means they need fewer resources to participate, which means more decentralised participation.</p>
<p dir="auto">Also trust plays a role here: in a push-based system, <strong>Bob</strong> needs to be allowed to notify <strong>Alice</strong>, <strong>Carol</strong> and <strong>Malorey</strong>, which further restricts free-form participation. In a pull-based system though, <strong>Bob</strong> doesn't even know about <strong>Alice</strong>, <strong>Carol</strong> and <strong>Malorey</strong>, meaning anyone can participate more freely.</p>
<br>

<p dir="auto">Ok before getting to a solution for a <em>pull-based</em> (and subsequently, more decentralised) social networking solution, I'd like to take a moment to consider all the pros and cons of the two approaches. We can do that without considering particulars of solutions and protocols, since the essential differences are all about the <em>push vs pull</em> content distribution model.</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto">🏴‍☠️ Pull: More Decentralised</h3><a id="user-content-️-pull-more-decentralised" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: 🏴‍☠️ Pull: More Decentralised" href="#%EF%B8%8F-pull-more-decentralised"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">As mentioned above, making content available for interested parties to pull needs waay less resources than pushing your content onto them (either they do the work, or you do it for them). It also requires less trust and gatekeeping, so anyone can easily participate with their own nodes, servers, CDNs, whatever.</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto">⚙️ Pull: Granular Access Control</h3><a id="user-content-️-pull-granular-access-control" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: ⚙️ Pull: Granular Access Control" href="#%EF%B8%8F-pull-granular-access-control"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">In a push-based protocol, the protocol needs to somewhat have a concept of who can push what to whom, meaning anything built on top of it needs to conform to that design (e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" rel="nofollow">ActivityPub</a> defines concepts of blocking, accepting follow requests, etc.).</p>
<p dir="auto">A pull-based system doesn't need to think about access control at all. Anyone can do whatever weird form of access control they want on the content they've made available. You can publish some of your activity to some public feed while publishing some others to some more private feed with friends or co-workers access.</p>

<p dir="auto">Its kind of obvious, if content isn't pushed, it is not circulated as fast (e.g. realtime). This might be ok for some stuff, and not for others (direct messaging kind of loses its meaning in a pull-based system, for example).</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto"><g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="arrow_up_down">↕️</g-emoji> Push: Native Model of Two-way Interactions</h3><a id="user-content-️-push-native-model-of-two-way-interactions" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: ↕️ Push: Native Model of Two-way Interactions" href="#%EF%B8%8F-push-native-model-of-two-way-interactions"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">A push-based system is all about two-way interactions: X pushes something onto Y. A pull-based system breaks that down to individual interactions: X posts something, Y pulls something.</p>
<p dir="auto">Because push models two-way interactions, it acts much better on content circulation which can be modelled as two-way interaction. For example, if <strong>Alice</strong> comments on <strong>Bob</strong>'s post, in a push-based system that is the same as <strong>Bob</strong> posting something and notifying <strong>Alice</strong>. In a pull-based system though, <strong>Bob</strong> needs to query everyone who he knows and might've said something, to check whether what they've said is a comment on his post or not. Which is orders of magnitude more difficult.</p>

<p dir="auto">Beyond content delivery that can be modelled as two-way interactions (e.g. comments, quotes, etc), both designs are lacking in the content discovery area in a broader sense, and in both cases you'd need to have third-party aggregators / crawlers / search services for that, similar to what search engines do for the distributed world of web pages.</p>
<p dir="auto">While kind of independent, such discovery is an essential part of any such social network (a social network without explore, recommendation, tags, communities, etc. is just a messaging service). Any solution for this discovery issue will naturally fill-in the discovery gaps of pull vs push based systems.</p>
<p dir="auto">In other words, if we were to practically build a pull-based system, we'd need some aggregators / search providers, which would also tell <strong>Bob</strong> who have reacted to their post, though in a push-based system <strong>Bob</strong> wouldn't be dependent on these fellas to get the answer to that question.</p>
<br>

<p dir="auto">Assuming all those trade-offs are worth the benefits of a pull-based system, what would it look like? Well the best place to start is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS" rel="nofollow">RSS</a>, since it is the defacto standard of syndicating and circulating content in a pull-based design:</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>Its been iterated upon and polished for that specific puporse,</li>
<li>It has tons of tools and clients already (RSS readers, etc),</li>
<li>A ton of content already in circulation supports RSS (Youtube, Reddit, Medium, most podcasts, most personal blogs and news outlets, etc).</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">What is missing here? Well social media are generally successful mostly by lowering the barriers of content creation, an important part of which is making it super easy to create content through interacting with some other existing content.</p>
<p dir="auto">We can bring that into RSS by treating <em><strong>any interaction as content</strong></em>. If you post something, thats an entry in your feed (as before). If you comment on something, thats also an entry in your feed. If you like something, thats another entry in your feed. If you follow someone (which would mean subscribing to some RSS feed), thats also another entry in your feed. To mark that interactive nature of some feed entry, we can simple extend RSS a bit:</p>
<div class="highlight highlight-text-xml" dir="auto"><pre>&lt;<span class="pl-ent">item</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">title</span>&gt;Comment on "Exploring New Technologies"&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">title</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">link</span>&gt;http://www.my.blog/posts/456&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">link</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">description</span>&gt;This is bullshit man, you've missed a ton of nuance in this analysis.&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">description</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">pubDate</span>&gt;Mon, 21 Feb 2024 14:34:56 GMT&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">pubDate</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">guid</span> <span class="pl-e">isPermaLink</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>true<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>&gt;http://www.my.blog/posts/456&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">guid</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">social</span><span class="pl-ent">:</span><span class="pl-ent">context</span> <span class="pl-e">type</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>comment<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> <span class="pl-e">url</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>http://www.other.blog/posts/123<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">item</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">title</span>&gt;Exploring New Technologies&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">title</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">link</span>&gt;http://www.other.blog/posts/123&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">link</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">guid</span> <span class="pl-e">isPermaLink</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>true<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>&gt;http://www.other.blog/posts/123&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">guid</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">pubDate</span>&gt;Mon, 21 Feb 2024 12:34:56 GMT&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">pubDate</span>&gt;
&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">item</span>&gt;
&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">social</span><span class="pl-ent">:</span><span class="pl-ent">context</span>&gt;
&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">item</span>&gt;</pre></div>
<p dir="auto">For easier discussion, I'll refer to this schematic extension as <strong>RISS</strong> (think of it as Really Intuitive Social Syndication, or any other acronym of your liking).</p>
<br>

<p dir="auto">Ok that's cool and all, but would it really make sense to build products and platforms around such a protocol, if it existed? Would such products and platforms provide tangible user benefits? I think so, though I'm not sure to what extent.</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto">✨ Anything, Anywhere, All at Once</h3><a id="user-content--anything-anywhere-all-at-once" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: ✨ Anything, Anywhere, All at Once" href="#-anything-anywhere-all-at-once"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">The most immediate benefit will be that users can get access to a lot of social content all in one place. At a basic level, this is like a nice RSS reader where you get all your news, with added engagement of being able to interact with the content.</p>
<p dir="auto">At a deeper level though, this means you can <em><strong>find</strong></em> almost everything in one place. Most of content streams on the internet support RSS (YouTube, Medium, Reddit, podcasts, etc.). Producing RSS feeds is also relatively cheap, so content not supporting it can also <a href="https://gist.github.com/thefranke/63853a6f8c499dc97bc17838f6cedcc2">be cheaply bridged</a>. Top that with a nice search / aggregator, and you've effectively made the borders between various communities disappear for your users (I don't need to follow someone on YouTube to miss their content on Twitch. I can follow them anywhere in one place).</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto">👁️‍🗨️ Separation of Speech and Reach</h3><a id="user-content-️️-separation-of-speech-and-reach" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: 👁️‍🗨️ Separation of Speech and Reach" href="#%EF%B8%8F%EF%B8%8F-separation-of-speech-and-reach"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">This benefit hinges on adoption so is not immediate, and might not be that great as well. But, with such a model, publishing is completely separated from distribution, meaning no one can bar anyone from publishing and their direct subscribers receiving their content (except the ISPs?). However, anyone can refuse to help distribute anything they don't like, as this is not in anyway hindering publishing of said content, and there is no exclusivity on distribution as well.</p>
<p dir="auto">In contrast, in a centralised system, publishing and distribution are entangled, and distribution is done exlusively by the central platform operator as well, meaning them choosing "not to promote" is the borderline the same as "not allowing to be published". Even in a federated system, a server might decide they don't want to allow me to push content to my followers on that server anymore, effectively cutting off access.</p>
<p dir="auto">Now I know people are going to complain regardless, but I do feel this separation is important for regulating such online spaces. Furthermore, I think such neat separation plays a great role in the financials of content generation as well, the same way that the distribution that lead to anyone with their own website accessible through search engines also lead to new, more open monetisation models (that are of course not without their flaws).</p>
<br>

<p dir="auto">It actually might be possible to get more decentralised than the fediverse, via a simple extension on RSS. It might not be worth it since there will be sacrifices, but there will also be gains, so it might. And the end result might be a faster growing decentralised network as it can already incorporate much more popular content and creators, with also much lower barrier to entry and cleaner seperation of concerns and responsibilities.</p>
<p dir="auto">I' personally pretty busy right now, but when I get time, I think I will start exploring the potential of RISS a bit more.</p>
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title: Interaction as Content
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<article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 class="heading-element" dir="auto">Can We Get More Decentralised Than The Fediverse?</h1><a id="user-content-can-we-get-more-decentralised-than-the-fediverse" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: Can We Get More Decentralised Than The Fediverse?" href="#can-we-get-more-decentralised-than-the-fediverse"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">I guess that the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fediverse" rel="nofollow">fediverse</a> will be as decentralised as email: a bit, but not that much. Most people will be dependent on a few major hubs, some groups might have their own hubs (e.g. company email servers), personal instances will be pretty rare. This is in contrast to personal blogging, where every Bob can easily host their own (and they often do). I mean that's already implied by the name: fediverse is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_social_network#:~:text=Differences%20between%20distributed%20and%20federated%20networks,-See%20also%3A%20peer&amp;text=Both%20kind%20of%20networks%20are,has%20no%20center%20at%20all" rel="nofollow">a federated universe, not a distributed one</a>.</p>
<p dir="auto">Why does this matter? Well I like not being dependent on one entity, but I would like it much more if I was dependent on no entities at all. In other words, I like to publish my own personal blog and get all the goodies of a social network, without being dependent on other micro-blogging / social content platforms.</p>
<p dir="auto">So in this writing, I'm going to:</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>❓ Contemplate on why the fediverse gets federated not distributed <em>(spoilers: its push vs pull)</em></li>
<li>🧠 Ideate on how could we get a distributed social system <em>(spoilers: by extending RSS)</em></li>
<li>🛠️ Reflect on how would that look in practice <em>(spoilers: kinda weird, but I think doable?)</em></li>
</ul>
<br>

<p dir="auto">Ok first, what do I mean by saying "the fediverse is federated not distributed" or "its not decentralised enough"? Well I see three levels of decentralisation (relevant here):</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>🏦 Fully central, i.e. one center (e.g. twitter servers)</li>
<li>🇪🇺 Federated, i.e. multiple centers (e.g. the fediverse, email servers)</li>
<li>🏴‍☠️ Distributed, i.e. no centers (e.g. personal blogging)</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">Why does fediverse leans towards the second? Because it is a <em>push-based</em> model: You need to push your content to whomever is interested, instead of just making it available for interested people to <em>pull it on their own</em>. It is the same as email, where you (or your email server) need to deliver each email to all recipients (by talking to each of their email servers). Those email servers also need to recognise and trust you too, which makes the whole network even more <em>federated</em>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p dir="auto"><strong>💡 Example</strong></p>
<p dir="auto">Assume <strong>Bob</strong> wants to post something, <strong>Alice</strong>, <strong>Carol</strong> and <strong>Malorey</strong> would like to read it. In the fediverse (or a push-based system), the following happens:</p>
<pre><code>Bob posts, then:
Bob --[notifies]--&gt; Alice.
Bob --[notifies]--&gt; Carol.
Bob --[notifies]--&gt; Malorey.
</code></pre>
<p dir="auto">In a pull-based system, like personal blogging with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS" rel="nofollow">RSS</a> feeds, this happens instead:</p>
<pre><code>Bob posts, then:
Alice --[queries]--&gt; Bob.
Carol --[queries]--&gt; Bob.
Malorey --[queries]--&gt; Bob.
</code></pre>
</blockquote>
<p dir="auto">👆 In the pull-based system, more work in the end is required (when should <strong>Alice</strong> query <strong>Bob</strong>? Also <strong>Bob</strong> needs to respond to the query, though thats super easy as it is static responses), but the work is better distributed, lowering the maximum amount of work someone has to do (in this case, <strong>Bob</strong>). Which means they need fewer resources to participate, which means more decentralised participation.</p>
<p dir="auto">Also trust plays a role here: in a push-based system, <strong>Bob</strong> needs to be allowed to notify <strong>Alice</strong>, <strong>Carol</strong> and <strong>Malorey</strong>, which further restricts free-form participation. In a pull-based system though, <strong>Bob</strong> doesn't even know about <strong>Alice</strong>, <strong>Carol</strong> and <strong>Malorey</strong>, meaning anyone can participate more freely.</p>
<br>

<p dir="auto">Ok before getting to a solution for a <em>pull-based</em> (and subsequently, more decentralised) social networking solution, I'd like to take a moment to consider all the pros and cons of the two approaches. We can do that without considering particulars of solutions and protocols, since the essential differences are all about the <em>push vs pull</em> content distribution model.</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto">🏴‍☠️ Pull: More Decentralised</h3><a id="user-content-️-pull-more-decentralised" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: 🏴‍☠️ Pull: More Decentralised" href="#%EF%B8%8F-pull-more-decentralised"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">As mentioned above, making content available for interested parties to pull needs waay less resources than pushing your content onto them (either they do the work, or you do it for them). It also requires less trust and gatekeeping, so anyone can easily participate with their own nodes, servers, CDNs, whatever.</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto">⚙️ Pull: Granular Access Control</h3><a id="user-content-️-pull-granular-access-control" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: ⚙️ Pull: Granular Access Control" href="#%EF%B8%8F-pull-granular-access-control"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">In a push-based protocol, the protocol needs to somewhat have a concept of who can push what to whom, meaning anything built on top of it needs to conform to that design (e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" rel="nofollow">ActivityPub</a> defines concepts of blocking, accepting follow requests, etc.).</p>
<p dir="auto">A pull-based system doesn't need to think about access control at all. Anyone can do whatever weird form of access control they want on the content they've made available. You can publish some of your activity to some public feed while publishing some others to some more private feed with friends or co-workers access.</p>

<p dir="auto">Its kind of obvious, if content isn't pushed, it is not circulated as fast (e.g. realtime). This might be ok for some stuff, and not for others (direct messaging kind of loses its meaning in a pull-based system, for example).</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto"><g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="arrow_up_down">↕️</g-emoji> Push: Native Model of Two-way Interactions</h3><a id="user-content-️-push-native-model-of-two-way-interactions" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: ↕️ Push: Native Model of Two-way Interactions" href="#%EF%B8%8F-push-native-model-of-two-way-interactions"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">A push-based system is all about two-way interactions: X pushes something onto Y. A pull-based system breaks that down to individual interactions: X posts something, Y pulls something.</p>
<p dir="auto">Because push models two-way interactions, it acts much better on content circulation which can be modelled as two-way interaction. For example, if <strong>Alice</strong> comments on <strong>Bob</strong>'s post, in a push-based system that is the same as <strong>Bob</strong> posting something and notifying <strong>Alice</strong>. In a pull-based system though, <strong>Bob</strong> needs to query everyone who he knows and might've said something, to check whether what they've said is a comment on his post or not. Which is orders of magnitude more difficult.</p>

<p dir="auto">Beyond content delivery that can be modelled as two-way interactions (e.g. comments, quotes, etc), both designs are lacking in the content discovery area in a broader sense, and in both cases you'd need to have third-party aggregators / crawlers / search services for that, similar to what search engines do for the distributed world of web pages.</p>
<p dir="auto">While kind of independent, such discovery is an essential part of any such social network (a social network without explore, recommendation, tags, communities, etc. is just a messaging service). Any solution for this discovery issue will naturally fill-in the discovery gaps of pull vs push based systems.</p>
<p dir="auto">In other words, if we were to practically build a pull-based system, we'd need some aggregators / search providers, which would also tell <strong>Bob</strong> who have reacted to their post, though in a push-based system <strong>Bob</strong> wouldn't be dependent on these fellas to get the answer to that question.</p>
<br>

<p dir="auto">Assuming all those trade-offs are worth the benefits of a pull-based system, what would it look like? Well the best place to start is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS" rel="nofollow">RSS</a>, since it is the defacto standard of syndicating and circulating content in a pull-based design:</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>Its been iterated upon and polished for that specific puporse,</li>
<li>It has tons of tools and clients already (RSS readers, etc),</li>
<li>A ton of content already in circulation supports RSS (Youtube, Reddit, Medium, most podcasts, most personal blogs and news outlets, etc).</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">What is missing here? Well social media are generally successful mostly by lowering the barriers of content creation, an important part of which is making it super easy to create content through interacting with some other existing content.</p>
<p dir="auto">We can bring that into RSS by treating <em><strong>any interaction as content</strong></em>. If you post something, thats an entry in your feed (as before). If you comment on something, thats also an entry in your feed. If you like something, thats another entry in your feed. If you follow someone (which would mean subscribing to some RSS feed), thats also another entry in your feed. To mark that interactive nature of some feed entry, we can simple extend RSS a bit:</p>
<div class="highlight highlight-text-xml" dir="auto"><pre>&lt;<span class="pl-ent">item</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">title</span>&gt;Comment on "Exploring New Technologies"&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">title</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">link</span>&gt;http://www.my.blog/posts/456&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">link</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">description</span>&gt;This is bullshit man, you've missed a ton of nuance in this analysis.&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">description</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">pubDate</span>&gt;Mon, 21 Feb 2024 14:34:56 GMT&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">pubDate</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">guid</span> <span class="pl-e">isPermaLink</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>true<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>&gt;http://www.my.blog/posts/456&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">guid</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">social</span><span class="pl-ent">:</span><span class="pl-ent">context</span> <span class="pl-e">type</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>comment<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> <span class="pl-e">url</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>http://www.other.blog/posts/123<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">item</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">title</span>&gt;Exploring New Technologies&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">title</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">link</span>&gt;http://www.other.blog/posts/123&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">link</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">guid</span> <span class="pl-e">isPermaLink</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>true<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>&gt;http://www.other.blog/posts/123&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">guid</span>&gt;
&lt;<span class="pl-ent">pubDate</span>&gt;Mon, 21 Feb 2024 12:34:56 GMT&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">pubDate</span>&gt;
&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">item</span>&gt;
&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">social</span><span class="pl-ent">:</span><span class="pl-ent">context</span>&gt;
&lt;/<span class="pl-ent">item</span>&gt;</pre></div>
<p dir="auto">For easier discussion, I'll refer to this schematic extension as <strong>RISS</strong> (think of it as Really Intuitive Social Syndication, or any other acronym of your liking).</p>
<br>

<p dir="auto">Ok that's cool and all, but would it really make sense to build products and platforms around such a protocol, if it existed? Would such products and platforms provide tangible user benefits? I think so, though I'm not sure to what extent.</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto">✨ Anything, Anywhere, All at Once</h3><a id="user-content--anything-anywhere-all-at-once" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: ✨ Anything, Anywhere, All at Once" href="#-anything-anywhere-all-at-once"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">The most immediate benefit will be that users can get access to a lot of social content all in one place. At a basic level, this is like a nice RSS reader where you get all your news, with added engagement of being able to interact with the content.</p>
<p dir="auto">At a deeper level though, this means you can <em><strong>find</strong></em> almost everything in one place. Most of content streams on the internet support RSS (YouTube, Medium, Reddit, podcasts, etc.). Producing RSS feeds is also relatively cheap, so content not supporting it can also <a href="https://gist.github.com/thefranke/63853a6f8c499dc97bc17838f6cedcc2">be cheaply bridged</a>. Top that with a nice search / aggregator, and you've effectively made the borders between various communities disappear for your users (I don't need to follow someone on YouTube to miss their content on Twitch. I can follow them anywhere in one place).</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 class="heading-element" dir="auto">👁️‍🗨️ Separation of Speech and Reach</h3><a id="user-content-️️-separation-of-speech-and-reach" class="anchor-element" aria-label="Permalink: 👁️‍🗨️ Separation of Speech and Reach" href="#%EF%B8%8F%EF%B8%8F-separation-of-speech-and-reach"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">This benefit hinges on adoption so is not immediate, and might not be that great as well. But, with such a model, publishing is completely separated from distribution, meaning no one can bar anyone from publishing and their direct subscribers receiving their content (except the ISPs?). However, anyone can refuse to help distribute anything they don't like, as this is not in anyway hindering publishing of said content, and there is no exclusivity on distribution as well.</p>
<p dir="auto">In contrast, in a centralised system, publishing and distribution are entangled, and distribution is done exlusively by the central platform operator as well, meaning them choosing "not to promote" is the borderline the same as "not allowing to be published". Even in a federated system, a server might decide they don't want to allow me to push content to my followers on that server anymore, effectively cutting off access.</p>
<p dir="auto">Now I know people are going to complain regardless, but I do feel this separation is important for regulating such online spaces. Furthermore, I think such neat separation plays a great role in the financials of content generation as well, the same way that the distribution that lead to anyone with their own website accessible through search engines also lead to new, more open monetisation models (that are of course not without their flaws).</p>
<br>

<p dir="auto">It actually might be possible to get more decentralised than the fediverse, via a simple extension on RSS. It might not be worth it since there will be sacrifices, but there will also be gains, so it might. And the end result might be a faster growing decentralised network as it can already incorporate much more popular content and creators, with also much lower barrier to entry and cleaner seperation of concerns and responsibilities.</p>
<p dir="auto">I' personally pretty busy right now, but when I get time, I think I will start exploring the potential of RISS a bit more.</p>
</article>

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