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<article>
<header>
<h1>If Architects had to work like Programmers</h1>
</header>
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<hr>
<p>
Dear Mr. Architect!

</p>
<p>
Please design and build me a house. I am not quite sure of what I need, so
you should use your discretion. My house should have between two and
forty-five bedrooms. Just make sure the plans are such that the bedrooms
can be easily added or deleted. When you bring the blueprints to me, I
will make the final decision of what I want. Also, bring me the cost
breakdown for each configuration so that I can arbitrarily pick one.

</p>
<p>
Keep in mind that the house I ultimately choose must cost less than the
one I am currently living in. Make sure, however, that you correct all the
deficiencies that exist in my current house (the floor of my kitchen
vibrates when I walk across it, and the walls don't have nearly enough
insulation in them).

</p>
<p>
As you design, also keep in mind that I want to keep yearly maintenance
costs as low as possible. This should mean the incorporation of extra-cost
features like aluminium, vinyl, or composite siding. (If you choose not
to specify aluminium, be prepared to explain your decision in detail.)

</p>
<p>
Please take care that modern design practices and the latest materials are
used in construction of the house, as I want it to be a showplace for the
most up-to-date ideas and methods. Be alerted, however, that kitchen
should be designed to accommodate, among other things, my 1952 Gibson
refrigerator.

</p>
<p>
To insure that you are building the correct house for our entire family,
make certain that you contact each of our children, and also our in-laws.
My mother-in-law will have very strong feelings about how the house should
be designed, since she visits us at least once a year. Make sure that you
weigh all of these options carefully and come to the right decision. I,
however, retain the right to overrule any choices that you make.

</p>
<p>
Please don't bother me with small details right now. Your job is to
develop the overall plans for the house: get the big picture. At this
time, for example, it is not appropriate to be choosing the color of the
carpet. However, keep in mind that my wife likes blue.

</p>
<p>
Also, do not worry at this time about acquiring the resources to build the
house itself. Your first priority is to develop detailed plans and
specifications. Once I approve these plans, however, I would expect the
house to be under roof within 48 hours.

</p>
<p>
While you are designing this house specifically for me, keep in mind that
sooner or later I will have to sell it to someone else. It therefore
should have appeal to a wide variety of potential buyers. Please make sure
before you finalize the plans that there is a consensus of the population
in my area that they like the features this house has.

</p>
<p>
Please prepare a complete set of blueprints. It is not necessary at this
time to do the real design, since they will be used only for construction
bids. Be advised, however, that you will be held accountable for any
increase of construction costs as a result of later design changes.

</p>
<p>
You must be thrilled to be working on an interesting project as this! To
be able to use the latest techniques and materials and to be given such
freedom in your designs is something that can't happen very often. Contact
me as soon as possible with your complete ideas and plans.

</p>
<p>
P.S.: <br>
My wife has just told me that she disagrees with many of the instructions
I've given you in this letter. As architect, it is your responsibility to
resolve these differences. I have tried in the past and have been unable
to accomplish this. If you can't handle this responsibility, I will have
to find another architect.

</p>
<p>
P.P.S.: <br>
Perhaps what I need is not a house at all, but a travel trailer. Please
advise me as soon as possible if this is the case.

</p>
</article>


<hr>

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+ 93
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@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
title: If Architects had to work like Programmers
url: http://www.gksoft.com/a/fun/architects.html
hash_url: 2ad967b8fc35e160fa8e6c1d2a3b4734
archive_date: 2024-02-21
og_image:
description: You must be thrilled to be working on an interesting project as this!
favicon:
language: en
<p>
Dear Mr. Architect!
</p><p>
Please design and build me a house. I am not quite sure of what I need, so
you should use your discretion. My house should have between two and
forty-five bedrooms. Just make sure the plans are such that the bedrooms
can be easily added or deleted. When you bring the blueprints to me, I
will make the final decision of what I want. Also, bring me the cost
breakdown for each configuration so that I can arbitrarily pick one.
</p><p>
Keep in mind that the house I ultimately choose must cost less than the
one I am currently living in. Make sure, however, that you correct all the
deficiencies that exist in my current house (the floor of my kitchen
vibrates when I walk across it, and the walls don't have nearly enough
insulation in them).
</p><p>
As you design, also keep in mind that I want to keep yearly maintenance
costs as low as possible. This should mean the incorporation of extra-cost
features like aluminium, vinyl, or composite siding. (If you choose not
to specify aluminium, be prepared to explain your decision in detail.)
</p><p>
Please take care that modern design practices and the latest materials are
used in construction of the house, as I want it to be a showplace for the
most up-to-date ideas and methods. Be alerted, however, that kitchen
should be designed to accommodate, among other things, my 1952 Gibson
refrigerator.
</p><p>
To insure that you are building the correct house for our entire family,
make certain that you contact each of our children, and also our in-laws.
My mother-in-law will have very strong feelings about how the house should
be designed, since she visits us at least once a year. Make sure that you
weigh all of these options carefully and come to the right decision. I,
however, retain the right to overrule any choices that you make.
</p><p>
Please don't bother me with small details right now. Your job is to
develop the overall plans for the house: get the big picture. At this
time, for example, it is not appropriate to be choosing the color of the
carpet. However, keep in mind that my wife likes blue.
</p><p>
Also, do not worry at this time about acquiring the resources to build the
house itself. Your first priority is to develop detailed plans and
specifications. Once I approve these plans, however, I would expect the
house to be under roof within 48 hours.
</p><p>
While you are designing this house specifically for me, keep in mind that
sooner or later I will have to sell it to someone else. It therefore
should have appeal to a wide variety of potential buyers. Please make sure
before you finalize the plans that there is a consensus of the population
in my area that they like the features this house has.
</p><p>
Please prepare a complete set of blueprints. It is not necessary at this
time to do the real design, since they will be used only for construction
bids. Be advised, however, that you will be held accountable for any
increase of construction costs as a result of later design changes.
</p><p>
You must be thrilled to be working on an interesting project as this! To
be able to use the latest techniques and materials and to be given such
freedom in your designs is something that can't happen very often. Contact
me as soon as possible with your complete ideas and plans.
</p><p>
P.S.: <br>
My wife has just told me that she disagrees with many of the instructions
I've given you in this letter. As architect, it is your responsibility to
resolve these differences. I have tried in the past and have been unable
to accomplish this. If you can't handle this responsibility, I will have
to find another architect.
</p><p>
P.P.S.: <br>
Perhaps what I need is not a house at all, but a travel trailer. Please
advise me as soon as possible if this is the case.
</p>

+ 197
- 0
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@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
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<article>
<header>
<h1>Se réapproprier nos conflits</h1>
</header>
<nav>
<p class="center">
<a href="/david/" title="Aller à l’accueil"><svg class="icon icon-home">
<use xlink:href="/static/david/icons2/symbol-defs-2021-12.svg#icon-home"></use>
</svg> Accueil</a> •
<a href="https://cqfd-journal.org/Se-reapproprier-nos-conflits" title="Lien vers le contenu original">Source originale</a>
<br>
Mis en cache le 2024-02-21
</p>
</nav>
<hr>
<p class="h3">En se penchant sur les manières dont sont prises en charge les violences (notamment sexistes et sexuelles) dans les milieux militants, l’ouvrage d’Elsa Deck Marsault <i>Faire justice</i> dresse un constat : on n’est pas sortis des logiques punitives. Et propose des pistes émancipatrices.
</p>

<p><span class="lettrine">D</span>ans <i>Faire justice – Moralisme progressiste et pratiques punitives dans la lutte contre les violences sexistes</i> (La fabrique, septembre 2023), la militante queer et féministe Elsa Deck Marsault, membre du groupe d’aide à la gestion de conflits Fracas<a href="#nb1" class="spip_note" rel="appendix" title="Sur leur site (collectif-fracas.com), grande boîte à outils, source de (...)" id="nh1">1</a>, passe au crible les manières de faire justice dans les milieux «<small class="fine d-inline"> </small><i> progressistes </i><small class="fine d-inline"> </small>» – de gauche et d’extrême gauche. Spoiler : on ne fait pas beaucoup mieux que l’État quand il s’agit de nous autojuger. Pire, notre justice serait empreinte de logiques punitives : menaces, exclusions, harcèlement et isolement… Dans son livre, elle pose les jalons d’une justice communautaire qui collerait avec nos idéaux d’émancipation. Entretien.</p>
<p><strong>Ton livre part du constat suivant : les milieux «<small class="fine d-inline"> </small><strong> progressistes </strong><small class="fine d-inline"> </small>» sont empreints de logiques punitives dans la résolution des conflits tout en prétendant les combattre…</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>Dans ces milieux, malgré la volonté de combattre le capitalisme, le patriarcat et toutes les formes d’oppression, on reproduit en effet souvent les logiques punitives du système pénal-carcéral quand il s’agit de faire justice nous-mêmes. La première raison est évidente, et valable pour la société tout entière : nous sommes des enfants du système pénal-carcéral d’État et nous reproduisons presque inconsciemment ses mécanismes. La seconde est plus profonde. Elle a à voir avec le néolibéralisme et plus généralement ce que la politologue Wendy Brown a qualifié de “<i>moralisme progressiste</i>”<a href="#nb2" class="spip_note" rel="appendix" title="Brown Wendy, Politics Out of History, Princetown University Press, 2001." id="nh2">2</a>. D’après elle, la recherche de la perfection morale dans les milieux militants prime sur les luttes collectives. On valorise la “déconstruction” et la conscientisation de ses privilèges, on condamne certains mots et gestes de certaines personnes au détriment de la lutte collective contre les dominations. Et ce, en parfaite cohérence avec la société néolibérale, où nos ennemi·es sont des individus et non plus des classes sociales. Alors que la lutte contre le patriarcat, par exemple, nécessiterait de lutter contre des structures économiques et politiques, on s’attaque aux comportements et aux paroles d’un·e camarade…</p>
<p>Je pense qu’on agit ainsi, pour pallier notre sentiment d’impuissance face à la difficulté de mener des luttes à grande échelle. Il est plus facile d’attaquer un·e camarade que le patron de Total. Même si cela n’aura rien changé structurellement, on aura l’impression d’avoir agi politiquement…<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p><strong>Tu parles alors de «<small class="fine d-inline"> </small><strong>surenchère punitive </strong><small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»…</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>Effectivement, une fois que telle ou telle personne a été désignée “problématique” ou “toxique”, tous les coups semblent permis. Une personne peut se faire exclure à vie de certains collectifs, lieux ou associations pour des propos parfois tenus des années auparavant. Un groupe souvent auto-désigné prend en charge le conflit sans qu’aucune limite ne soit fixée. Il peut y avoir des effets de “surpuissance du groupe” où, sous prétexte de luttes (légitimes) contre les oppressions, on légitime absolument tout : exclusion, harcèlement, humiliations publiques, violences physiques… Et la désescalade est souvent impossible.
Dans les années 1970, certaines féministes militaient contre le système pénal-carcéral, en portant l’idée que punir des individus pour leurs actes, notamment les violeurs, ne permettrait pas de changer le système qui sous-tendait ces violences : le patriarcat. Certaines actions ont consisté à se rendre dans des tribunaux pour demander des procès sans peine : une reconnaissance publique et pénale des faits, mais sans condamnation d’enfermement. Aujourd’hui, en faisant de la lutte contre les oppressions une affaire de punitions individuelles, nous sommes passé·es de “procès sans peines” à des “peines sans procès”.<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p><strong>Ces agissements ne sont-ils pas parfois les seules solutions lorsque la justice d’État est défaillante<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>?</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>L’exclusion et les menaces ne devraient être utilisées qu’en dernier recours, lorsqu’on a épuisé un certain nombre d’outils préalables – et cela dépend évidemment des situations. Cela ne veut pas dire qu’on s’interdit toute sanction : il me paraît acceptable qu’une personne soit exclue d’une communauté sur un temps donné au vu de ses actes, mais tout dépend de la question de l’objectif. À mon sens, l’exclusion doit toujours être cadrée dans le temps et la personne exclue, accompagnée (dans l’idéal), pour qu’elle puisse comprendre ce qui lui est reproché et comment elle peut réparer la situation. L’exclusion peut notamment se justifier quand une personne met en danger de manière répétée les autres au sein du lieu ou du collectif dans lequel elle se trouve. Il ne s’agit pas de passer d’une approche moralisante de “il faut exclure les violeurs” à “il ne faut absolument exclure personne”. Il s’agit de faire le constat que, si l’exclusion est parfois une nécessité, nous devons apprendre à expliciter au mieux les raisons de ce choix et son cadre à la personne touchée par cette sanction. Cependant, exclure une personne nous prive d’un potentieltransformateur pour le groupe, et nous empêche de comprendre quels dysfonctionnements nous ont amené à un tel niveau de tension ou de violence.<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p><strong>Ces questions sont celles posées par la justice transformatrice que tu valorises dans ton livre. Quel est son intérêt<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>?</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>La justice transformatrice propose que nous nous réappropriions nos conflits, plutôt que de laisser la police et les avocats s’en charger. Les conflits sont alors perçus comme des opportunités pour transformer les individus et la société afin de réduire les rapports de domination, qui sont très souvent à l’origine de ces violences.
Avec le collectif Fracas, nous essayons de promouvoir cette approche. Par exemple, lorsqu’une personne est victime d’agression dans un collectif, nous proposons des solutions de soutien aux deux parties, puis nous travaillons avec le collectif pour comprendre quels sont les ressorts individuels et collectifs qui ont permis ces violences. Le groupe peut alors dessiner les contours de sa responsabilité et ensuite travailler sur lui-même afin de mettre en place des outils adéquats pour éviter que cette situation se répète, ou mieux l’affronter si elle recommence.</p>
<p>Pour moi, l’important est de définir des protocoles clairs, avec des limites de temps et d’implication de chaque personne dans le processus. Il faut aussi pouvoir prévoir des cercles de supervision, avec qui débriefer de ce qui a été mis en place, de ce qui a été fait, pour pouvoir tirer la sonnette d’alarme quand on va dans le mauvais sens. Cela pourrait éviter les mécanismes décrits plus haut : surenchère punitive et surpuissance du groupe…<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p><strong>Les collectifs n’ont souvent ni le temps ni l’argent pour se former à de nouvelles pratiques de justice. Comment généraliser ces pratiques en faisant face à ces limites<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>?</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>Bien sûr, il y a de nombreux obstacles. Au-delà des contraintes matérielles bien réelles, le fait que l’État s’impose au fil des siècles comme seul gestionnaire légitime des conflits nous a rendu·es dépendant·es du système pénal-carcéral. De plus, la justice transformatrice nécessite l’existence de communautés solides. Si on les réinvestit, elles peuvent devenir de vrais supports d’une justice dont l’horizon est l’équité sociale et qu’on pourrait développer à un niveau toujours plus vaste, de la communauté jusqu’à la société. La position de “tiers” extérieur au conflit pourrait également être généralisée. C’est de cette position que nous agissons avec Fracas, et elle permet de ne pas être juge et partie, et percevoir la situation dans son ensemble. Par exemple, un tiers d’une ville pourrait être envoyé dans une autre ville, où il n’est pas empêtré dans les dynamiques internes…
La critique du système pénal-carcéral et le “pari abolitionniste” ne peuvent pas se limiter à des déclarations d’intentions, elle peut s’accompagner dès maintenant de pratiques nouvelles, inscrites dans les communautés et pour inventer, autant que possible, des alternatives à la justice punitive.<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p class="spip spip-block-right"><strong>Propos recueillis par Étienne Jallot</strong></p>
</div>
</article>


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title: Se réapproprier nos conflits
url: https://cqfd-journal.org/Se-reapproprier-nos-conflits
hash_url: 81e8bd49021e320b84e5d4fbd4c7f587
archive_date: 2024-02-21
og_image: https://cqfd-journal.org/local/cache-vignettes/L1200xH846/web_225_11_slev_justicepu_2_1200px-f3b77.jpg?1701970815
description: En se penchant sur les manières dont sont prises en charge les violences (notamment sexistes et sexuelles) dans les milieux militants, l’ouvrage (...)
favicon: https://cqfd-journal.org/squelettes/favicon.ico
language: fr_FR

<p class="h3">En se penchant sur les manières dont sont prises en charge les violences (notamment sexistes et sexuelles) dans les milieux militants, l’ouvrage d’Elsa Deck Marsault <i>Faire justice</i> dresse un constat : on n’est pas sortis des logiques punitives. Et propose des pistes émancipatrices.
</p>

<p><span class="lettrine">D</span>ans <i>Faire justice – Moralisme progressiste et pratiques punitives dans la lutte contre les violences sexistes</i> (La fabrique, septembre 2023), la militante queer et féministe Elsa Deck Marsault, membre du groupe d’aide à la gestion de conflits Fracas<a href="#nb1" class="spip_note" rel="appendix" title="Sur leur site (collectif-fracas.com), grande boîte à outils, source de (...)" id="nh1">1</a>, passe au crible les manières de faire justice dans les milieux «<small class="fine d-inline"> </small><i> progressistes </i><small class="fine d-inline"> </small>» – de gauche et d’extrême gauche. Spoiler : on ne fait pas beaucoup mieux que l’État quand il s’agit de nous autojuger. Pire, notre justice serait empreinte de logiques punitives : menaces, exclusions, harcèlement et isolement… Dans son livre, elle pose les jalons d’une justice communautaire qui collerait avec nos idéaux d’émancipation. Entretien.</p>
<p><strong>Ton livre part du constat suivant : les milieux «<small class="fine d-inline"> </small><strong> progressistes </strong><small class="fine d-inline"> </small>» sont empreints de logiques punitives dans la résolution des conflits tout en prétendant les combattre…</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>Dans ces milieux, malgré la volonté de combattre le capitalisme, le patriarcat et toutes les formes d’oppression, on reproduit en effet souvent les logiques punitives du système pénal-carcéral quand il s’agit de faire justice nous-mêmes. La première raison est évidente, et valable pour la société tout entière : nous sommes des enfants du système pénal-carcéral d’État et nous reproduisons presque inconsciemment ses mécanismes. La seconde est plus profonde. Elle a à voir avec le néolibéralisme et plus généralement ce que la politologue Wendy Brown a qualifié de “<i>moralisme progressiste</i>”<a href="#nb2" class="spip_note" rel="appendix" title="Brown Wendy, Politics Out of History, Princetown University Press, 2001." id="nh2">2</a>. D’après elle, la recherche de la perfection morale dans les milieux militants prime sur les luttes collectives. On valorise la “déconstruction” et la conscientisation de ses privilèges, on condamne certains mots et gestes de certaines personnes au détriment de la lutte collective contre les dominations. Et ce, en parfaite cohérence avec la société néolibérale, où nos ennemi·es sont des individus et non plus des classes sociales. Alors que la lutte contre le patriarcat, par exemple, nécessiterait de lutter contre des structures économiques et politiques, on s’attaque aux comportements et aux paroles d’un·e camarade…</p>
<p>Je pense qu’on agit ainsi, pour pallier notre sentiment d’impuissance face à la difficulté de mener des luttes à grande échelle. Il est plus facile d’attaquer un·e camarade que le patron de Total. Même si cela n’aura rien changé structurellement, on aura l’impression d’avoir agi politiquement…<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p><strong>Tu parles alors de «<small class="fine d-inline"> </small><strong>surenchère punitive </strong><small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»…</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>Effectivement, une fois que telle ou telle personne a été désignée “problématique” ou “toxique”, tous les coups semblent permis. Une personne peut se faire exclure à vie de certains collectifs, lieux ou associations pour des propos parfois tenus des années auparavant. Un groupe souvent auto-désigné prend en charge le conflit sans qu’aucune limite ne soit fixée. Il peut y avoir des effets de “surpuissance du groupe” où, sous prétexte de luttes (légitimes) contre les oppressions, on légitime absolument tout : exclusion, harcèlement, humiliations publiques, violences physiques… Et la désescalade est souvent impossible.
Dans les années 1970, certaines féministes militaient contre le système pénal-carcéral, en portant l’idée que punir des individus pour leurs actes, notamment les violeurs, ne permettrait pas de changer le système qui sous-tendait ces violences : le patriarcat. Certaines actions ont consisté à se rendre dans des tribunaux pour demander des procès sans peine : une reconnaissance publique et pénale des faits, mais sans condamnation d’enfermement. Aujourd’hui, en faisant de la lutte contre les oppressions une affaire de punitions individuelles, nous sommes passé·es de “procès sans peines” à des “peines sans procès”.<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p><strong>Ces agissements ne sont-ils pas parfois les seules solutions lorsque la justice d’État est défaillante<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>?</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>L’exclusion et les menaces ne devraient être utilisées qu’en dernier recours, lorsqu’on a épuisé un certain nombre d’outils préalables – et cela dépend évidemment des situations. Cela ne veut pas dire qu’on s’interdit toute sanction : il me paraît acceptable qu’une personne soit exclue d’une communauté sur un temps donné au vu de ses actes, mais tout dépend de la question de l’objectif. À mon sens, l’exclusion doit toujours être cadrée dans le temps et la personne exclue, accompagnée (dans l’idéal), pour qu’elle puisse comprendre ce qui lui est reproché et comment elle peut réparer la situation. L’exclusion peut notamment se justifier quand une personne met en danger de manière répétée les autres au sein du lieu ou du collectif dans lequel elle se trouve. Il ne s’agit pas de passer d’une approche moralisante de “il faut exclure les violeurs” à “il ne faut absolument exclure personne”. Il s’agit de faire le constat que, si l’exclusion est parfois une nécessité, nous devons apprendre à expliciter au mieux les raisons de ce choix et son cadre à la personne touchée par cette sanction. Cependant, exclure une personne nous prive d’un potentieltransformateur pour le groupe, et nous empêche de comprendre quels dysfonctionnements nous ont amené à un tel niveau de tension ou de violence.<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p><strong>Ces questions sont celles posées par la justice transformatrice que tu valorises dans ton livre. Quel est son intérêt<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>?</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>La justice transformatrice propose que nous nous réappropriions nos conflits, plutôt que de laisser la police et les avocats s’en charger. Les conflits sont alors perçus comme des opportunités pour transformer les individus et la société afin de réduire les rapports de domination, qui sont très souvent à l’origine de ces violences.
Avec le collectif Fracas, nous essayons de promouvoir cette approche. Par exemple, lorsqu’une personne est victime d’agression dans un collectif, nous proposons des solutions de soutien aux deux parties, puis nous travaillons avec le collectif pour comprendre quels sont les ressorts individuels et collectifs qui ont permis ces violences. Le groupe peut alors dessiner les contours de sa responsabilité et ensuite travailler sur lui-même afin de mettre en place des outils adéquats pour éviter que cette situation se répète, ou mieux l’affronter si elle recommence.</p>
<p>Pour moi, l’important est de définir des protocoles clairs, avec des limites de temps et d’implication de chaque personne dans le processus. Il faut aussi pouvoir prévoir des cercles de supervision, avec qui débriefer de ce qui a été mis en place, de ce qui a été fait, pour pouvoir tirer la sonnette d’alarme quand on va dans le mauvais sens. Cela pourrait éviter les mécanismes décrits plus haut : surenchère punitive et surpuissance du groupe…<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p><strong>Les collectifs n’ont souvent ni le temps ni l’argent pour se former à de nouvelles pratiques de justice. Comment généraliser ces pratiques en faisant face à ces limites<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>?</strong></p>
<p>«<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>Bien sûr, il y a de nombreux obstacles. Au-delà des contraintes matérielles bien réelles, le fait que l’État s’impose au fil des siècles comme seul gestionnaire légitime des conflits nous a rendu·es dépendant·es du système pénal-carcéral. De plus, la justice transformatrice nécessite l’existence de communautés solides. Si on les réinvestit, elles peuvent devenir de vrais supports d’une justice dont l’horizon est l’équité sociale et qu’on pourrait développer à un niveau toujours plus vaste, de la communauté jusqu’à la société. La position de “tiers” extérieur au conflit pourrait également être généralisée. C’est de cette position que nous agissons avec Fracas, et elle permet de ne pas être juge et partie, et percevoir la situation dans son ensemble. Par exemple, un tiers d’une ville pourrait être envoyé dans une autre ville, où il n’est pas empêtré dans les dynamiques internes…
La critique du système pénal-carcéral et le “pari abolitionniste” ne peuvent pas se limiter à des déclarations d’intentions, elle peut s’accompagner dès maintenant de pratiques nouvelles, inscrites dans les communautés et pour inventer, autant que possible, des alternatives à la justice punitive.<small class="fine d-inline"> </small>»</p>
<p class="spip spip-block-right"><strong>Propos recueillis par Étienne Jallot</strong></p></div>

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<h1>Software is a medium of setbacks, but a medium’s limitations don’t define the artist</h1>
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<p><img src="https://www.baldurbjarnason.com/img/hveragerdi-dither-experiment.png" alt="A view of the waterfall in Varmá. The picture is dithered and blocky. Reminiscent of how the original mac computers rendered pictures."></p>
<p>Much of the time, progress in software development comes coupled with a matching regression.</p>
<p>“We’ve made it better.”</p>
<p>(Whispered) <em>“But we’ve also made it worse."</em></p>
<p>The evolution of Apple’s computing devices makes for a decent example.</p>
<p>The original Mac? Huge leap in the usability and effectiveness of the desktop computer. Also didn’t come with a programming language and, initially, software for it had to be developed on an entirely different, much more expensive system (the Apple Lisa).</p>
<p>Over time that situation improved with Hypercard and various forms of scripting and automation, as well as a decent set of tools for making software with Pascal and later C++.</p>
<p>MacOS X arrived, and we got the power of the unix-compatible ecosystem finally coupled with a usable desktop environment.</p>
<p>We also lost many of the scripting capabilities that were unique to Mac “Classic”, but that was sorta-kinda offset by the wealth of new command-line tools and built-in support for popular scripting languages such as Python.</p>
<p>Sucked if you were all-in on AppleScript, but great for the rest of us.</p>
<p>Swift is a modern programming language designed for the development of complex but reliable systems. But when it was first launched it both was substantially less capable than Objective-C, and it sucked all the air out of the room for the entire Objective-C ecosystem. Apple had to spend years both maintaining an old language, one it was clearly trying to get rid of, and evolving a new language to the point where it could replace the old. The innovation came with a built-in setback that took years of effort to overcome.</p>
<p>Not that Swift is a true replacement for Objective-C. Its goals are clearly <em>very</em> different from Objective-C which leaned heavily into late binding and runtime dynamism. Swift leans the other way, focusing instead on correctness and performance. The differences between the two languages that most end-users or even developers notice are more down to the framework and environment and not the languages, per se, but there is a <em>flavour</em> difference – that vague sensation that both spoken and programming languages leave you with, an added dimension of meaning that hangs around it like a meal’s smell in a kitchen.</p>
<p>Progress is an ongoing act of myth-making. Most of the time the true story is a mixed one. Things are lost. Others gained. A happy ending is when you come out ahead. A story full of setbacks is a tragedy.</p>
<p>It feels like we’re experiencing more setbacks than progress in software and tech at the moment.</p>
<p>Lay-offs are having a noticeable effect on the software the tech industry is shipping. I know I’m finding buggy updates to be more common than they were a couple of years ago. <em>(Setback.)</em> The decline in search engines over only a few months is as undeniable as a sack hammers swung at your face. <em>(Setback.)</em></p>
<p>And that brings up the other setback. In studies LLM-aided coding is <a href="https://visualstudiomagazine.com/Articles/2024/01/25/copilot-research.aspx">not</a> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.03622">having</a> a <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.09293">great</a> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.09727">effect</a> on the <a href="https://softwarecrisis.dev/letters/ai-and-software-quality/">quality</a> or <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/01/ai-poisoning-could-turn-open-models-into-destructive-sleeper-agents-says-anthropic/">safety</a> of the code. <em>(Setback.)</em> Sure, they’re more “productive” in that they’re writing more lines of code, but the industry discovered decades ago that measuring coding productivity this way is a very bad idea as it inherently promotes poor coding. <em>(Setback.)</em></p>
<p>Defenders say that in actual practice nobody actually commits LLM-generated code directly so this is all just scare-mongering, except – because we, as an industry, is so utterly foolish as to commit completely to a Microsoft-owned development environment through and through <em>(Setback)</em> – Microsoft can track the code generated by Copilot, through Visual Studio Code, all the way to being committed in a GitHub repository, and it turns out that <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/events/FY-2023/Morgan-Stanley-TMT-Conference#:~:text=Scott%20Guthrie%3A%20I%20think%20you%27re,is%20now%20AI%2Dgenerated%20and%20unmodified">at least 40% of the code generated is committed unmodified.</a></p>
<p>That was a year ago. That ratio is almost certainly higher today. <em>(Setback.)</em></p>
<p>Now we have Apple’s shenanigans with Progressive Web Apps in the EU and, no matter whether you’re gullible enough to buy Apple’s line or whether you’re a rabid everything-Apple-sucks hater who is incapable of seeing the good that Apple occasionally does, losing such an important capability <a href="https://www.thisdot.co/blog/the-renaissance-of-pwas">only a few months after they first managed to make it truly usable</a> is, well, <em>a setback</em>. A dispiriting one at that.</p>
<p>Between the obvious cycle triggered by the lay-offs and the generally inhospitable environment that the software industry has evolved into, it’s hard to feel excited or motivated by software development.</p>
<p>And we do need to feel motivated, at least in part. The word “passion” is almost always a red flag for any given industry, but software development is a <em>creative</em> business. You may all go around cosplaying engineers, but your average coder is about as close to being an engineer as a fan cosplaying as Hugh Laurie playing House is to being a medical doctor.</p>
<p><em>Software is a creative industry with more in common with media production industries than housebuilding.</em></p>
<p>As such, a baseline intrinsically-motivated curiosity about the form is one of the most powerful assets you can have when doing your job. It helps you solve problems and come up with new ideas.</p>
<p>The current cycle of decline and disinvestment in people makes that hard – probably next to impossible – but we can try to find our own ways forward where we can.</p>
<hr>
<p>The weekend before I wrote this, I was feeling lost – unsure about my place and future in the industry.</p>
<p>A walk helped. Doing something creative like photographing what I saw around town helped as well.</p>
<p>But what reminded me of how much <em>fun</em> you can have with software was having a go at porting this excellent implementation of the <a href="https://github.com/andrewstephens75/as-dithered-image">Atkinson Dithering algorithm</a> to use the <a href="https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/"><code>sharp</code></a> node.js library and then playing around with processing and laying my photos into what you see in this essay. The image at the beginning is of the one wall that remains of the old wool factory by the waterfall in Varmá.</p>
<p><em>Villikettir Suðurlands</em> specialise in rescuing cats, both feral and abandoned housecats, here in the south of Iceland. The picture below is of the house where they keep some of the cats waiting for somebody to adopt them. They’re in from the cold.</p>
<p>Not everything is a setback.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.baldurbjarnason.com/img/hveragerdi-7-1-dithered.png" alt="A high key, heavily dithered image of a small house covered with corrugated iron. In the window there are two cats loafing."></p>
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title: Software is a medium of setbacks, but a medium’s limitations don’t define the artist
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<p>Much of the time, progress in software development comes coupled with a matching regression.</p>
<p>“We’ve made it better.”</p>
<p>(Whispered) <em>“But we’ve also made it worse."</em></p>
<p>The evolution of Apple’s computing devices makes for a decent example.</p>
<p>The original Mac? Huge leap in the usability and effectiveness of the desktop computer. Also didn’t come with a programming language and, initially, software for it had to be developed on an entirely different, much more expensive system (the Apple Lisa).</p>
<p>Over time that situation improved with Hypercard and various forms of scripting and automation, as well as a decent set of tools for making software with Pascal and later C++.</p>
<p>MacOS X arrived, and we got the power of the unix-compatible ecosystem finally coupled with a usable desktop environment.</p>
<p>We also lost many of the scripting capabilities that were unique to Mac “Classic”, but that was sorta-kinda offset by the wealth of new command-line tools and built-in support for popular scripting languages such as Python.</p>
<p>Sucked if you were all-in on AppleScript, but great for the rest of us.</p>
<p>Swift is a modern programming language designed for the development of complex but reliable systems. But when it was first launched it both was substantially less capable than Objective-C, and it sucked all the air out of the room for the entire Objective-C ecosystem. Apple had to spend years both maintaining an old language, one it was clearly trying to get rid of, and evolving a new language to the point where it could replace the old. The innovation came with a built-in setback that took years of effort to overcome.</p>
<p>Not that Swift is a true replacement for Objective-C. Its goals are clearly <em>very</em> different from Objective-C which leaned heavily into late binding and runtime dynamism. Swift leans the other way, focusing instead on correctness and performance. The differences between the two languages that most end-users or even developers notice are more down to the framework and environment and not the languages, per se, but there is a <em>flavour</em> difference – that vague sensation that both spoken and programming languages leave you with, an added dimension of meaning that hangs around it like a meal’s smell in a kitchen.</p>
<p>Progress is an ongoing act of myth-making. Most of the time the true story is a mixed one. Things are lost. Others gained. A happy ending is when you come out ahead. A story full of setbacks is a tragedy.</p>
<p>It feels like we’re experiencing more setbacks than progress in software and tech at the moment.</p>
<p>Lay-offs are having a noticeable effect on the software the tech industry is shipping. I know I’m finding buggy updates to be more common than they were a couple of years ago. <em>(Setback.)</em> The decline in search engines over only a few months is as undeniable as a sack hammers swung at your face. <em>(Setback.)</em></p>
<p>And that brings up the other setback. In studies LLM-aided coding is <a href="https://visualstudiomagazine.com/Articles/2024/01/25/copilot-research.aspx">not</a> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.03622">having</a> a <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.09293">great</a> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.09727">effect</a> on the <a href="https://softwarecrisis.dev/letters/ai-and-software-quality/">quality</a> or <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/01/ai-poisoning-could-turn-open-models-into-destructive-sleeper-agents-says-anthropic/">safety</a> of the code. <em>(Setback.)</em> Sure, they’re more “productive” in that they’re writing more lines of code, but the industry discovered decades ago that measuring coding productivity this way is a very bad idea as it inherently promotes poor coding. <em>(Setback.)</em></p>
<p>Defenders say that in actual practice nobody actually commits LLM-generated code directly so this is all just scare-mongering, except – because we, as an industry, is so utterly foolish as to commit completely to a Microsoft-owned development environment through and through <em>(Setback)</em> – Microsoft can track the code generated by Copilot, through Visual Studio Code, all the way to being committed in a GitHub repository, and it turns out that <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/events/FY-2023/Morgan-Stanley-TMT-Conference#:~:text=Scott%20Guthrie%3A%20I%20think%20you%27re,is%20now%20AI%2Dgenerated%20and%20unmodified">at least 40% of the code generated is committed unmodified.</a></p>
<p>That was a year ago. That ratio is almost certainly higher today. <em>(Setback.)</em></p>
<p>Now we have Apple’s shenanigans with Progressive Web Apps in the EU and, no matter whether you’re gullible enough to buy Apple’s line or whether you’re a rabid everything-Apple-sucks hater who is incapable of seeing the good that Apple occasionally does, losing such an important capability <a href="https://www.thisdot.co/blog/the-renaissance-of-pwas">only a few months after they first managed to make it truly usable</a> is, well, <em>a setback</em>. A dispiriting one at that.</p>
<p>Between the obvious cycle triggered by the lay-offs and the generally inhospitable environment that the software industry has evolved into, it’s hard to feel excited or motivated by software development.</p>
<p>And we do need to feel motivated, at least in part. The word “passion” is almost always a red flag for any given industry, but software development is a <em>creative</em> business. You may all go around cosplaying engineers, but your average coder is about as close to being an engineer as a fan cosplaying as Hugh Laurie playing House is to being a medical doctor.</p>
<p><em>Software is a creative industry with more in common with media production industries than housebuilding.</em></p>
<p>As such, a baseline intrinsically-motivated curiosity about the form is one of the most powerful assets you can have when doing your job. It helps you solve problems and come up with new ideas.</p>
<p>The current cycle of decline and disinvestment in people makes that hard – probably next to impossible – but we can try to find our own ways forward where we can.</p>
<hr>
<p>The weekend before I wrote this, I was feeling lost – unsure about my place and future in the industry.</p>
<p>A walk helped. Doing something creative like photographing what I saw around town helped as well.</p>
<p>But what reminded me of how much <em>fun</em> you can have with software was having a go at porting this excellent implementation of the <a href="https://github.com/andrewstephens75/as-dithered-image">Atkinson Dithering algorithm</a> to use the <a href="https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/"><code>sharp</code></a> node.js library and then playing around with processing and laying my photos into what you see in this essay. The image at the beginning is of the one wall that remains of the old wool factory by the waterfall in Varmá.</p>
<p><em>Villikettir Suðurlands</em> specialise in rescuing cats, both feral and abandoned housecats, here in the south of Iceland. The picture below is of the house where they keep some of the cats waiting for somebody to adopt them. They’re in from the cold.</p>
<p>Not everything is a setback.</p>
<img src="https://www.baldurbjarnason.com/img/hveragerdi-7-1-dithered.png" alt="A high key, heavily dithered image of a small house covered with corrugated iron. In the window there are two cats loafing.">

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<h1>Fracas, collectif queer et féministe d'aide à la gestion de conflits</h1>
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<h2>La socianalyse</h2>
<p>La socianalyse est une méthode d'intervention dans des collectifs en crise ou dans des situations de grands changements.</p>
<h2>Call outer des queer</h2>
<p>Dernièrement, on est tombé·es sur un groupe en ligne, servant à call outer des personnes, spécialisé dans le call out des personnes queer. On s'est dit qu’on avait vraiment touché le fond.</p>
<h2>Dénonciation publique : faire la différence entre un moment d’empowerment et un lychage collectif</h2>
<p>Extrait d'Adrienne Maree Brown, « pensées impensables : la culture de la dénonciation au temps du covid-19 ».</p>
<h2>Des communautés avec espoir et sans police</h2>
<p>Comment réagir face au constat désolant de l’ampleur des meurtres transphobes, racistes, des violences sexuelles, sans tomber dans le piège d’une réponse punitive ?</p>
<h2>Justice punitive</h2>
<p>Histoire, enjeux, étude de la justice punitive et de son application en France.</p>
<h2>Justice restaurative</h2>
<p>Étude, histoire et enjeux de la justice restaurative : du système anglo-saxon à son application française.</p>
</article>


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title: Fracas, collectif queer et féministe d'aide à la gestion de conflits
url: https://www.collectif-fracas.com/
hash_url: f1041ff1c0dfabc719d64a4a5bcb0c10
archive_date: 2024-02-21
og_image: https://assets-global.website-files.com/60339ece26e0011279a8b071/60362a8b7397f788258857ae_logo.svg
description: Fracas est un collectif queer et féministe d’aide à la gestion de conflits interpersonnels, de violences et d’agressions au sein de collectifs.
favicon: https://assets-global.website-files.com/60339ece26e0011279a8b071/614c50304051ad041149ae60_favicon.png
language: fr

## La socianalyse

La socianalyse est une méthode d'intervention dans des collectifs en crise ou dans des situations de grands changements.

## Call outer des queer

Dernièrement, on est tombé·es sur un groupe en ligne, servant à call outer des personnes, spécialisé dans le call out des personnes queer. On s'est dit qu’on avait vraiment touché le fond.

## Dénonciation publique : faire la différence entre un moment d’empowerment et un lychage collectif

Extrait d'Adrienne Maree Brown, « pensées impensables : la culture de la dénonciation au temps du covid-19 ».

## Des communautés avec espoir et sans police

Comment réagir face au constat désolant de l’ampleur des meurtres transphobes, racistes, des violences sexuelles, sans tomber dans le piège d’une réponse punitive ?

## Justice punitive

Histoire, enjeux, étude de la justice punitive et de son application en France.

## Justice restaurative

Étude, histoire et enjeux de la justice restaurative : du système anglo-saxon à son application française.

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cache/2024/index.html Ver arquivo

@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/877b1e29328f6ad1b6fef26d7407ec5f/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Your tech stack is not the product">Your tech stack is not the product</a> (<a href="https://hoho.com/posts/your-stack-is-not-the-product/" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Your tech stack is not the product">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/f1041ff1c0dfabc719d64a4a5bcb0c10/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Fracas, collectif queer et féministe d'aide à la gestion de conflits">Fracas, collectif queer et féministe d'aide à la gestion de conflits</a> (<a href="https://www.collectif-fracas.com/" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Fracas, collectif queer et féministe d'aide à la gestion de conflits">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/ba977526c7a8cab6935708b2cdba5c0c/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Aging programmer">Aging programmer</a> (<a href="https://world.hey.com/jorge/aging-programmer-d448bdec" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Aging programmer">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/ce5fdc61fd66cdb9ce548fb543eba986/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Unsigned Commits">Unsigned Commits</a> (<a href="https://blog.glyph.im/2024/01/unsigned-commits.html" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Unsigned Commits">original</a>)</li>
@@ -188,6 +190,8 @@
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/f4d2d42eba58062be910407690ae447c/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : The Web Component Success Story">The Web Component Success Story</a> (<a href="https://jakelazaroff.com/words/the-web-component-success-story/" title="Accès à l’article original distant : The Web Component Success Story">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/81e8bd49021e320b84e5d4fbd4c7f587/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Se réapproprier nos conflits">Se réapproprier nos conflits</a> (<a href="https://cqfd-journal.org/Se-reapproprier-nos-conflits" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Se réapproprier nos conflits">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/ea2cfc9aa425a6967d2cacd9f96ceb9e/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Ask LukeW: New Ways into Web Content">Ask LukeW: New Ways into Web Content</a> (<a href="https://lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?2008" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Ask LukeW: New Ways into Web Content">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/4a56aa5497e68df0c5bb1d5331203219/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : When “Everything” Becomes Too Much: The npm Package Chaos of 2024">When “Everything” Becomes Too Much: The npm Package Chaos of 2024</a> (<a href="https://socket.dev/blog/when-everything-becomes-too-much" title="Accès à l’article original distant : When “Everything” Becomes Too Much: The npm Package Chaos of 2024">original</a>)</li>
@@ -212,12 +216,16 @@
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/6b26bff7f4772cf8fb78878ff4f9594f/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : command center: Simplicity">command center: Simplicity</a> (<a href="https://commandcenter.blogspot.com/2023/12/simplicity.html" title="Accès à l’article original distant : command center: Simplicity">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/2ad967b8fc35e160fa8e6c1d2a3b4734/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : If Architects had to work like Programmers">If Architects had to work like Programmers</a> (<a href="http://www.gksoft.com/a/fun/architects.html" title="Accès à l’article original distant : If Architects had to work like Programmers">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/75c7b6350ba18a5a11ee3bbf8b3b64be/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Google will no longer back up the Internet: Cached webpages are dead">Google will no longer back up the Internet: Cached webpages are dead</a> (<a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/02/google-search-kills-off-cached-webpages/" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Google will no longer back up the Internet: Cached webpages are dead">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/1929f7183f694c7abeafeddb891fcf50/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Crise des opioïdes : pourquoi il ne faut ni l'oublier ni l'ignorer">Crise des opioïdes : pourquoi il ne faut ni l'oublier ni l'ignorer</a> (<a href="https://basta.media/crise-des-opioides-pourquoi-il-ne-faut-ni-oublier-ni-ignorer" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Crise des opioïdes : pourquoi il ne faut ni l'oublier ni l'ignorer">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/6bfc6bd7bc1d9158aa7f6591123e7f4b/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : The Simplest Ways to Handle HTML Includes">The Simplest Ways to Handle HTML Includes</a> (<a href="https://css-tricks.com/the-simplest-ways-to-handle-html-includes/" title="Accès à l’article original distant : The Simplest Ways to Handle HTML Includes">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/d133365d1dec62b9ad7ab4c911db863a/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Software is a medium of setbacks, but a medium’s limitations don’t define the artist">Software is a medium of setbacks, but a medium’s limitations don’t define the artist</a> (<a href="https://www.baldurbjarnason.com/2024/software-is-a-medium-of-setbacks/" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Software is a medium of setbacks, but a medium’s limitations don’t define the artist">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/7136e0810bfa42c4a9ca798a55cd2d53/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : Where have all the flowers gone?">Where have all the flowers gone?</a> (<a href="https://daverupert.com/2024/01/where-have-all-the-websites-gone/" title="Accès à l’article original distant : Where have all the flowers gone?">original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/david/cache/2024/b692faaa55fd2775e957b20e833e9e5e/" title="Accès à l’article dans le cache local : fraîchement">fraîchement</a> (<a href="https://www.la-grange.net/2024/01/26/fraichement" title="Accès à l’article original distant : fraîchement">original</a>)</li>

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