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<title>This is what a graph of 8,000 fake Twitter accounts looks like (archive) — David Larlet</title>
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<h1>
  <span><a id="jumper" href="#jumpto" title="Un peu perdu ?">?</a></span>
  This is what a graph of 8,000 fake Twitter accounts looks like (archive)
  <time>Pour la pérennité des contenus liés. Non-indexé, retrait sur simple email.</time>
</h1>
<section>
  <article>
    <h3><a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2015/03/this-is-what-a-graph-of-8000-fake-twitter-accounts-looks-like/">Source originale du contenu</a></h3>
    <p>Recently I've been plagued with Tweets saying that I'm "trending in London." </p>

<p><img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Twitter-Spam-Trending-fs8.png" alt="Twitter Spam Trending-fs8" width="846" height="227" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20730"/>
<img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Twitter-Spam-Trending-Again-fs8.png" alt="Twitter Spam Trending Again-fs8" width="793" height="245" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20742"/>
<img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/More-bloody-spammers-fs8.png" alt="More bloody spammers-fs8" width="770" height="222" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20746"/>
<p>As flattering as that is, it's not true. There appears to be a network of Twitter bots which are randomly repeating other people's tweets, ripping off avatars and bios, and generally causing a nuisance.</p>
<p>Looking at the users' Twitter name, I don't think it's unreasonable to think that "ekip_uhokoqeq" and "utadaqusoxeh" are randomly generated sequence of characters. And, without wishing to judge, that photo doesn't <em>look</em> like a Susan...</p>
<p>Let's take a look at one of the user's profile :</p>
<img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Twitter-Spam-Profile-fs8.png" alt="Twitter Spam Profile-fs8" width="814" height="731" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20731"/>
<p>It's possible to trace back the bio and photo to different users - they've had their details misappropriated. The Tweets seem to be just randomly taken from other users.</p>
<p>Let's take a look at who this bot is following :</p>
<img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Twitter-Spam-Following-fs8.png" alt="Twitter Spam Following-fs8" width="1186" height="880" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20732"/>
<p>Again, random sequences of letters, hijacked bios and photos. Clicking through each of these profiles reveals a network of <em>thousands of fake accounts</em>. </p>
<p>I adapted <a href="http://mark-kay.net/blog/2014/08/15/generating-a-network-graph-of-twitter-followers-using-python-and-networkx/">a script to visualise the network of accounts</a> - this is only looking 3 levels deep (Twitter's API limits make going much further a time consuming task) :</p>
<a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Spam-Graph-fs8.png"><img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Spam-Graph-fs8.png" alt="Spam Graph-fs8" width="1060" height="786" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20738"/></a>
<p>I used <a href="https://gephi.github.io/">Gephi</a> to draw the graph.</p>
<p>As you can see - there are dozens of randomly named accounts. They appear to only be following each other - I don't think any "real" users are in there. I can only assume that by forming a network like this, they can evade Twitter's filters. The bots can then either start generating spam, be sold off as fake followers, or used for some other unsavoury purpose.</p>
<p>I ran the script over the weekend to a recursive depth of 4 and <strong>identified over 8,000 spam accounts</strong>. Using <a href="http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/allegrolayout">Cytoscape and Allegro Layout</a> I was able to create this visualisation of the tangled web of connections.</p>
<a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Big-Graph-of-Twitter-Spammers-fs8.png"><img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Big-Graph-of-Twitter-Spammers-fs8.png" alt="Big Graph of Twitter Spammers-fs8" width="855" height="790" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20747"/></a>
<p>Using <a href="http://graph-tool.skewed.de/">Python's Graph-Tool</a> I generated a somewhat prettier visualisation of how all these accounts are connected.<br/>
<a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Network-Diagram-Spammers-fs8.png"><img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Network-Diagram-Spammers-fs8.png" alt="Network Diagram Spammers-fs8" width="1024" height="1024" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20750"/></a><br/>
They each mostly follow around 8 accounts - there's a fair bit of clustering. While there are a few accounts with larger follower numbers, it's hard to discern if there's a definitive pattern. The large gap appears to be users who have been suspended.</p>
<p>As the weekend drew to a close, I'd reached the fifth level of my recursive algorithm. Using Cytoscape's "Organic" layout, another interesting pattern emerges.<br/>
<a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Circles-of-Spam-fs8.png"><img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Circles-of-Spam-fs8.png" alt="Circles of Spam-fs8" width="1024" height="640" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20752"/></a><br/>
There appears to be several "loops" - that is bots which are in an almost closed network with each other. I see at least half a dozen circles - the rest appear to be following other fake accounts at random.</p>
<p>The centre of those circles <em>appear</em> to be real people. I can't say <em>why</em> they have lots of fake followers - it's possible that they - or someone else - has just bought them to make it look like they're more popular than they really are. There's no suggestion that they control the fake accounts.</p>
<p>One of the central nodes has <strong>650,000 followers</strong>. It's not possible to know quite how many of those are fake - I'm guessing the majority are.</p>
<p>It seems that there's a nasty nest of these bots. In the last few weeks I've reported a dozen or so for spam - but with literately tens of thousands in the network it's impossible for any individual to make a meaningful impact. </p>
<p>I wish Twitter could track down the source of this problem and eradicate it.</p>
<p>If you want to have a play with this dataset - you can <a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Fake-Followers.zip">download a .zip file of the relationships and their metadata</a>.</p></p>
  </article>
</section>


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      Bonjour/Hi!
      Je suis <a href="/david/" title="Profil public">David&nbsp;Larlet</a>, je vis actuellement à Montréal et j’alimente cet espace depuis 15 ans. <br>
      Si tu as apprécié cette lecture, n’hésite pas à poursuivre ton exploration. Par exemple via les <a href="/david/blog/" title="Expériences bienveillantes">réflexions bimestrielles</a>, la <a href="/david/stream/2019/" title="Pensées (dés)articulées">veille hebdomadaire</a> ou en t’abonnant au <a href="/david/log/" title="S’abonner aux publications via RSS">flux RSS</a> (<a href="/david/blog/2019/flux-rss/" title="Tiens c’est quoi un flux RSS ?">so 2005</a>).
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      Je m’intéresse à la place que je peux avoir dans ce monde. En tant qu’humain, en tant que membre d’une famille et en tant qu’associé d’une coopérative. De temps en temps, je fais aussi des <a href="https://github.com/davidbgk" title="Principalement sur Github mais aussi ailleurs">trucs techniques</a>. Et encore plus rarement, <a href="/david/talks/" title="En ce moment je laisse plutôt la place aux autres">j’en parle</a>.
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      Voici quelques articles choisis :
      <a href="/david/blog/2019/faire-equipe/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Faire équipe</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2018/bivouac-automnal/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Bivouac automnal</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2018/commodite-effondrement/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Commodité et effondrement</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2017/donnees-communs/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Des données aux communs</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/accompagner-enfant/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Accompagner un enfant</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/senior-developer/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Senior developer</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/illusion-sociale/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">L’illusion sociale</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/instantane-scopyleft/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Instantané Scopyleft</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/enseigner-web/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Enseigner le Web</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/simplicite-defaut/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Simplicité par défaut</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2016/minimalisme-esthetique/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Minimalisme et esthétique</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2014/un-web-omni-present/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Un web omni-présent</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2014/manifeste-developpeur/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Manifeste de développeur</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2013/confort-convivialite/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Confort et convivialité</a>,
      <a href="/david/blog/2013/testament-numerique/" title="Accéder à l’article complet">Testament numérique</a>,
      et <a href="/david/blog/" title="Accéder aux archives">bien d’autres…</a>
    </p>
    <p>
      On peut <a href="mailto:david%40larlet.fr" title="Envoyer un courriel">échanger par courriel</a>. Si éventuellement tu souhaites que l’on travaille ensemble, tu devrais commencer par consulter le <a href="http://larlet.com">profil dédié à mon activité professionnelle</a> et/ou contacter directement <a href="http://scopyleft.fr/">scopyleft</a>, la <abbr title="Société coopérative et participative">SCOP</abbr> dont je fais partie depuis six ans. Je recommande au préalable de lire <a href="/david/blog/2018/cout-site/" title="Attention ce qui va suivre peut vous choquer">combien coûte un site</a> et pourquoi je suis plutôt favorable à une <a href="/david/pro/devis/" title="Discutons-en !">non-demande de devis</a>.
    </p>
    <p>
      Je ne traque pas ta navigation mais mon
      <abbr title="Alwaysdata, 62 rue Tiquetonne 75002 Paris, +33.184162340">hébergeur</abbr>
      conserve des logs d’accès.
    </p>
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