A place to cache linked articles (think custom and personal wayback machine)
Você não pode selecionar mais de 25 tópicos Os tópicos devem começar com uma letra ou um número, podem incluir traços ('-') e podem ter até 35 caracteres.

2 anos atrás
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201
  1. <!doctype html><!-- This is a valid HTML5 document. -->
  2. <!-- Screen readers, SEO, extensions and so on. -->
  3. <html lang="fr">
  4. <!-- Has to be within the first 1024 bytes, hence before the `title` element
  5. See: https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-html5-20121217/document-metadata.html#charset -->
  6. <meta charset="utf-8">
  7. <!-- Why no `X-UA-Compatible` meta: https://stackoverflow.com/a/6771584 -->
  8. <!-- The viewport meta is quite crowded and we are responsible for that.
  9. See: https://codepen.io/tigt/post/meta-viewport-for-2015 -->
  10. <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
  11. <!-- Required to make a valid HTML5 document. -->
  12. <title>What is the Web? (archive) — David Larlet</title>
  13. <meta name="description" content="Publication mise en cache pour en conserver une trace.">
  14. <!-- That good ol' feed, subscribe :). -->
  15. <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Feed" href="/david/log/">
  16. <!-- Generated from https://realfavicongenerator.net/ such a mess. -->
  17. <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/david/icons2/apple-touch-icon.png">
  18. <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/david/icons2/favicon-32x32.png">
  19. <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/david/icons2/favicon-16x16.png">
  20. <link rel="manifest" href="/static/david/icons2/site.webmanifest">
  21. <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/david/icons2/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#07486c">
  22. <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/david/icons2/favicon.ico">
  23. <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#f7f7f7">
  24. <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/static/david/icons2/browserconfig.xml">
  25. <meta name="theme-color" content="#f7f7f7" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)">
  26. <meta name="theme-color" content="#272727" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)">
  27. <!-- Documented, feel free to shoot an email. -->
  28. <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/david/css/style_2021-01-20.css">
  29. <!-- See https://www.zachleat.com/web/comprehensive-webfonts/ for the trade-off. -->
  30. <link rel="preload" href="/static/david/css/fonts/triplicate_t4_poly_regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light), (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)" crossorigin>
  31. <link rel="preload" href="/static/david/css/fonts/triplicate_t4_poly_bold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light), (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)" crossorigin>
  32. <link rel="preload" href="/static/david/css/fonts/triplicate_t4_poly_italic.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light), (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)" crossorigin>
  33. <link rel="preload" href="/static/david/css/fonts/triplicate_t3_regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" crossorigin>
  34. <link rel="preload" href="/static/david/css/fonts/triplicate_t3_bold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" crossorigin>
  35. <link rel="preload" href="/static/david/css/fonts/triplicate_t3_italic.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" crossorigin>
  36. <script>
  37. function toggleTheme(themeName) {
  38. document.documentElement.classList.toggle(
  39. 'forced-dark',
  40. themeName === 'dark'
  41. )
  42. document.documentElement.classList.toggle(
  43. 'forced-light',
  44. themeName === 'light'
  45. )
  46. }
  47. const selectedTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme')
  48. if (selectedTheme !== 'undefined') {
  49. toggleTheme(selectedTheme)
  50. }
  51. </script>
  52. <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">
  53. <meta content="origin-when-cross-origin" name="referrer">
  54. <!-- Canonical URL for SEO purposes -->
  55. <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog.jim-nielsen.com/2022/what-is-the-web/">
  56. <body class="remarkdown h1-underline h2-underline h3-underline em-underscore hr-center ul-star pre-tick" data-instant-intensity="viewport-all">
  57. <article>
  58. <header>
  59. <h1>What is the Web?</h1>
  60. </header>
  61. <nav>
  62. <p class="center">
  63. <a href="/david/" title="Aller à l’accueil"><svg class="icon icon-home">
  64. <use xlink:href="/static/david/icons2/symbol-defs-2021-12.svg#icon-home"></use>
  65. </svg> Accueil</a> •
  66. <a href="https://blog.jim-nielsen.com/2022/what-is-the-web/" title="Lien vers le contenu original">Source originale</a>
  67. </p>
  68. </nav>
  69. <hr>
  70. <p>I recently stumbled on a piece by Dieter Bohn on The Verge titled <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/24/15681958/what-is-web-definition">“And now, a brief definition of the web”</a> that got me thinking.</p>
  71. <p>He starts with the question: “what exactly is the web?”</p>
  72. <blockquote>
  73. <p>Traditionally, we think of the web as a combination of a set of specific technologies paired with some core philosophical principles. The problem — the reason this question even matters — is that there are a lot of potential replacements for the parts of the web that fix what's broken with technology, while undermining the principles that ought to go with it.</p>
  74. </blockquote>
  75. <p>I like this take. “The web” isn’t solely a stack of technologies (URLs, HTML, CSS, JS). It’s also a set of principles—<a href="https://blog.jim-nielsen.com/2020/musings-on-the-documentary-for-everyone/">principles, as I wrote, imbued into the web with its birth</a>:</p>
  76. <blockquote>
  77. <p>the ethos present in the person who birthed the web was instilled into online culture from the very beginning. Berners-Lee believed the web should be open and he gave away the protocols that powered it. There was no patent. No licensing around who can and can’t create a website. It was all put into the public domain.</p>
  78. </blockquote>
  79. <p>This principle of open access to information for everyone is part of what we mean when we say something is “of the web”. </p>
  80. <p>Bohn weaves that idea into his proposed working definition for determining whether something is part of the web.</p>
  81. <blockquote>
  82. <p>To count as being part of the web, your app or page must:</p>
  83. <ol>
  84. <li><p>Be linkable, and</p>
  85. </li>
  86. <li><p>Allow any client to access it.</p>
  87. </li>
  88. </ol>
  89. </blockquote>
  90. <p>First, it’s interesting how much of what’s in modern app stores fails the first test. The <a href="https://blog.jim-nielsen.com/2021/the-power-of-the-link/">link is powerful</a>—so powerful that large organizations like Apple go to battle to exert control over what can and can’t be linkable.</p>
  91. <p>But, as Bohn says, “links aren't the complicated part; it's the part where your thing should allow any client to access it” that’s hard.</p>
  92. <blockquote>
  93. <p>You can run through all the web-like things in that list above, look at that two-part test, and just say straight up that these things don't count as part of the open web.</p>
  94. <p>Android Instant Apps: only work on Android. Not the web. Facebook Instant Articles and Apple News: pay no attention to their weird URL redirecting and HTML-esque code, they only work on their respective platforms. Not the web.</p>
  95. </blockquote>
  96. <p>It’s funny: if you apply this test to a few things traditionally considered “of the web”, they might fail.</p>
  97. <p>For example: consider a web page you visit in your browser. If that web page fails to load because there’s <a href="https://blog.jim-nielsen.com/2022/a-web-for-all/">too much modern JavaScript</a> and you’re on an older client (like a <a href="https://css-tricks.com/evergreen-does-not-mean-immediately-available/">dead evergreen browser</a>), is that “the web”?</p>
  98. <p>Or, put aside the question of access for an “outdated” client. What if you have a “modern” client and you visit a web page (<a href="https://9to5google.com/2021/11/08/youtube-tv-safari-mac/">like YouTube TV at one point</a>) that says “this page only works in Chrome”. It’s a URL you type into a browser, so it sounds like the web, but it’s only accessible by a specific client. Is that “of the web” or is it more akin to something from a proprietary app store?</p>
  99. <p>I like Bohn’s working definition, however vague it might be in the details. “Be linkable and accessible to any client” is a provocative test for whether something is “of the web”. </p>
  100. </article>
  101. <hr>
  102. <footer>
  103. <p>
  104. <a href="/david/" title="Aller à l’accueil"><svg class="icon icon-home">
  105. <use xlink:href="/static/david/icons2/symbol-defs-2021-12.svg#icon-home"></use>
  106. </svg> Accueil</a> •
  107. <a href="/david/log/" title="Accès au flux RSS"><svg class="icon icon-rss2">
  108. <use xlink:href="/static/david/icons2/symbol-defs-2021-12.svg#icon-rss2"></use>
  109. </svg> Suivre</a> •
  110. <a href="http://larlet.com" title="Go to my English profile" data-instant><svg class="icon icon-user-tie">
  111. <use xlink:href="/static/david/icons2/symbol-defs-2021-12.svg#icon-user-tie"></use>
  112. </svg> Pro</a> •
  113. <a href="mailto:david%40larlet.fr" title="Envoyer un courriel"><svg class="icon icon-mail">
  114. <use xlink:href="/static/david/icons2/symbol-defs-2021-12.svg#icon-mail"></use>
  115. </svg> Email</a> •
  116. <abbr class="nowrap" title="Hébergeur : Alwaysdata, 62 rue Tiquetonne 75002 Paris, +33184162340"><svg class="icon icon-hammer2">
  117. <use xlink:href="/static/david/icons2/symbol-defs-2021-12.svg#icon-hammer2"></use>
  118. </svg> Légal</abbr>
  119. </p>
  120. <template id="theme-selector">
  121. <form>
  122. <fieldset>
  123. <legend><svg class="icon icon-brightness-contrast">
  124. <use xlink:href="/static/david/icons2/symbol-defs-2021-12.svg#icon-brightness-contrast"></use>
  125. </svg> Thème</legend>
  126. <label>
  127. <input type="radio" value="auto" name="chosen-color-scheme" checked> Auto
  128. </label>
  129. <label>
  130. <input type="radio" value="dark" name="chosen-color-scheme"> Foncé
  131. </label>
  132. <label>
  133. <input type="radio" value="light" name="chosen-color-scheme"> Clair
  134. </label>
  135. </fieldset>
  136. </form>
  137. </template>
  138. </footer>
  139. <script src="/static/david/js/instantpage-5.1.0.min.js" type="module"></script>
  140. <script>
  141. function loadThemeForm(templateName) {
  142. const themeSelectorTemplate = document.querySelector(templateName)
  143. const form = themeSelectorTemplate.content.firstElementChild
  144. themeSelectorTemplate.replaceWith(form)
  145. form.addEventListener('change', (e) => {
  146. const chosenColorScheme = e.target.value
  147. localStorage.setItem('theme', chosenColorScheme)
  148. toggleTheme(chosenColorScheme)
  149. })
  150. const selectedTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme')
  151. if (selectedTheme && selectedTheme !== 'undefined') {
  152. form.querySelector(`[value="${selectedTheme}"]`).checked = true
  153. }
  154. }
  155. const prefersColorSchemeDark = '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
  156. window.addEventListener('load', () => {
  157. let hasDarkRules = false
  158. for (const styleSheet of Array.from(document.styleSheets)) {
  159. let mediaRules = []
  160. for (const cssRule of styleSheet.cssRules) {
  161. if (cssRule.type !== CSSRule.MEDIA_RULE) {
  162. continue
  163. }
  164. // WARNING: Safari does not have/supports `conditionText`.
  165. if (cssRule.conditionText) {
  166. if (cssRule.conditionText !== prefersColorSchemeDark) {
  167. continue
  168. }
  169. } else {
  170. if (cssRule.cssText.startsWith(prefersColorSchemeDark)) {
  171. continue
  172. }
  173. }
  174. mediaRules = mediaRules.concat(Array.from(cssRule.cssRules))
  175. }
  176. // WARNING: do not try to insert a Rule to a styleSheet you are
  177. // currently iterating on, otherwise the browser will be stuck
  178. // in a infinite loop…
  179. for (const mediaRule of mediaRules) {
  180. styleSheet.insertRule(mediaRule.cssText)
  181. hasDarkRules = true
  182. }
  183. }
  184. if (hasDarkRules) {
  185. loadThemeForm('#theme-selector')
  186. }
  187. })
  188. </script>
  189. </body>
  190. </html>